A total of 50 UEFA teams entered the competition; Andorra, which joined FIFA and UEFA in November 1996 while the qualifiers were underway, could not enter. The European zone was allocated 15 places (out of 32) in the final tournament. France, the hosts, qualified automatically, leaving 14 spots open for competition between 49 teams.
The 49 teams were divided into nine groups, four groups of six teams and five groups of five teams. The teams would play against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners would qualify. The runners-up would be ranked according to their records against the 1st, 3rd and 4th-placed team in their groups, and the team with the best record would also qualify. The other runners-up would advance to the UEFA Play-offs.
In the play-offs, the 8 teams were paired up to play knockout matches on a home-and-away basis. The winners would qualify.
As some groups had six teams and others had five, the matches vs the fifth and sixth place teams were discarded for the purposes of the ranking, though discarding results against the sixth placed team would have been sufficient.
To date, this was the last time that Portugal failed to qualify for a FIFA World Cup, and the only time Italy qualified for a FIFA World Cup through the playoffs (having lost in 2018 and 2022).