| Tetrahelia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Pancryptista |
| Phylum: | Cryptista |
| Subphylum: | Endohelia Cavalier-Smith 2021 |
| Class: | Endohelea Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al. 2012 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2021 |
| Order: | Axomonadida Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al. 2012 emend. 2022 |
| Family: | Tetraheliidae Cavalier-Smith 2022 |
| Genus: | Tetrahelia Cavalier-Smith 2022 |
| Species: | T. pterbica
|
| Binomial name | |
| Tetrahelia pterbica (Mikrjukov & Patterson 2000) Cavalier-Smith 2022[1]
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Tetradimorpha pterbica Mikrjukov & Patterson in Mikrjukov 2000 | |
Tetrahelia (from Latin tetra- 'four' and helio- 'sun') is a genus of four-ciliated protists belonging to the Endohelea, a group of heterotrophic heliozoa.[2] It is the only genus in the family Tetraheliidae, order Axomonadida, class Endohelea and subphylum Endohelia. It is a monotypic genus, containing the sole species Tetrahelia pterbica, previously classified as Tetradimorpha pterbica.[1]
Description
[edit]Tetrahelia are unicellular ciliates with four standard-length centrioles that are shorter than in Heliomorpha and Tetradimorpha, and axopodia generated by a globular centrosome with a distinct granular shell and a microfibrillar core. The centrioles are arranged in two pairs: each pair has two parallel centrioles, and the pairs are positioned at 30° of rotation between each other. They are linked at the base by an amorphous material that connects them to the centrosome. There are lateral dictyosomes on either side of the cell nucleus. The axopodia have several irregularly arranged microtubules and irregularly flattened extrusomes, instead of the kinetocysts seen in Heliomorpha and Tetradimorpha radiata. The cell size is larger than 60 μm, and the centrosome itself measures between 18 and 20 μm. There is a thick pseudopellicle layer beneath the cell membrane.[1]
The life cycle of Tetrahelia contains a lazily swimming, purely flagellate stage with fully retracted axopodia.[1]
Classification
[edit]In 2021 Cavalier-Smith treated Axomonadida as a member of Endohelea, with also Microhelida (Microheliella). In 2022, Yazaki et al. excluded Microheliella from Endohelea and made it Cryptista's sister taxon.[1][3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Cavalier-Smith T (2022). "Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi". Protoplasma. 259 (3): 487–593. Bibcode:2022Prpls.259..487C. doi:10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7. PMC 9010356. PMID 34940909.
- ^ Yabuki, Akinori; Chao, Ema E.; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2012-05-01). "Microheliella maris (Microhelida ord. n.), an Ultrastructurally Highly Distinctive New Axopodial Protist Species and Genus, and the Unity of Phylum Heliozoa". Protist. 163 (3): 356–388. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.10.001. ISSN 1434-4610.
- ^ Yazaki E, Yabuki A, Imaizumi A, Kume K, Hashimoto T, Inagaki Y (2022-04-13). "The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris". Open Biol. 12 (4): 210376. doi:10.1098/rsob.210376. PMC 9006020. PMID 35414259.
