A clarinet trio is a chamber musical ensemble that consists of a clarinet and two other instruments. Most commonly, the clarinet is combined with a piano and a bowed string instrument, such as a viola, a cello or a violin. In Western classical music, the clarinet-viola-piano trio, clarinet-cello-piano trio and clarinet-violin-piano trio have proven most popular, but many other combinations exist, with or without piano. A musical work for any of these ensembles is also called a clarinet trio.
Clarinet-viola-piano trio
[edit]Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was the first to write for this combination in his Trio for piano, clarinet and viola in E-flat major, K 498 (the Kegelstatt-Trio).[1] Later, other composers followed his example, such as Max Bruch in his Eight Pieces for clarinet, viola and piano, op. 83.
Clarinet-cello-piano trio
[edit]Ludwig van Beethoven was the first to write for this combination in his Trio for piano, clarinet (or violin) and violoncello in B-flat major, Op. 11 (the Gassenhauer-Trio)[2] and the Trio for piano, clarinet (or violin) and violoncello in E-flat major, op. 38 (an arrangement of his Septet). Later, other composers followed his example, such as Johannes Brahms in his Trio for piano, clarinet (or viola) and violoncello in A minor, op. 114.
Clarinet-violin-piano trio
[edit]A 20th-century addition to the clarinet trio genre, this combination was pioneered by Darius Milhaud in his Suite for violin, clarinet and piano, op. 157b (1936), and Béla Bartók in his Contrasts for clarinet, violin, and piano, Sz. 111, BB 116 (1938).
Clarinet-violin-cello trio
[edit]The following is an incomplete list of trios for clarinet, violin and cello, with their composers in alphabetical order.
- Pierre-Hyacinthe Azaïs
- 6 Trios for violin, violoncello and clarinet[3]
- Theodor Blumer
- Trio for violin, clarinet and violoncello, op. 55 (1932)[4]
- Gabrielle Brunner
- Trio for clarinet, violin and violoncello (2009)[5]
- Adolf Busch
- German Dances for clarinet, violin and violoncello, op. 26 no. 3
- Ingolf Dahl
- Concerto a Tre (1946)
- Georg Friedrich Fuchs
- Hans Gál
- Serenade for clarinet, violin and violoncello, op. 93 (1935)[9]
- Joseph Haydn
- Nicolas Schmitt
- 3 Trios for clarinet, violin and violoncello, op. 12[11]
- Johann Baptist Wanhal
- Michèl Yost
Clarinet-violin-viola trio
[edit]The following is an incomplete list of trios for clarinet, violin and viola, with their composers in alphabetical order.
- Johann Georg Distler
- Ada Gentile
- Solo in trio per clarinetto, violino e viola (1982)[17]
- Wolfgang Müller
- Kleine Kammermusik für Klarinette, Geige und Bratsche (1994)[18]
- Václav Pichl
- Serenata for clarinet, violin and viola in F major[19]
References
[edit]- ^ Erik Smith in "The Compleat Mozart. A Guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.", Neal Zaslaw (ed.), W.W. Norton & Company (New York, 1990).
- ^ Cooper, Barry (2000). Beethoven. The Master Musicians. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816598-6.
- ^ RISM 990002957
- ^ RISM 290002353
- ^ RISM 1001289317
- ^ RISM 1001088877
- ^ RISM 990019204
- ^ a b Weston, Pamela (2002). More Clarinet Virtuosi of the past. Ampleforth: Emerson Edition Ltd. ISBN 0-9506209-9-8.
- ^ RISM 1001014258
- ^ a b c Joseph Haydn, Drei Trios für Klarinette, Violine und Violoncello oder Fagott (Edition Peters Nr. 4917).
- ^ RISM 990058253
- ^ a b c Floyd, Samuel Russell (1988). The Clarinet Music of Johann Baptist Vanhal. Dissertation (Doctor of Philosophy thesis). Michigan State University.
- ^ RISM 990069645
- ^ RISM 1001146709
- ^ RISM 1001146714
- ^ RISM 990014909
- ^ RISM 850816528
- ^ RISM 1001336033
- ^ RISM 800265064