Submission declined on 16 July 2025 by Qcne (talk).
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
|  |
| Submission declined on 5 July 2025 by Pythoncoder (talk). Your draft shows signs of having been generated by a large language model, such as ChatGPT. Their outputs usually have multiple issues that prevent them from meeting our guidelines on writing articles. These include: Declined by Pythoncoder 23 days ago.
| |
Comment: You will have to confirm to us that this has not been written by an LLM. Or, if it has, that you have verified everything. qcne (talk) 17:12, 16 July 2025 (UTC)
Family presence during resuscitation (FPDR), also referred to as family-witnessed resuscitation (FWR), is defined as the practice of allowing relatives to be present during a family member’s in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempt in an emergency or critical care setting. This may involve the relative witnessing medical procedures being performed on the family member, such as chest compressions, endotracheal intubation, cardiac defibrillation, or other advanced cardiac life support measures. The approach, once considered controversial, is now incorporated into many hospital protocols.
History and origins
[edit]Foote Hospital, Michigan (1982)
[edit]One of the earliest published reports on family presence during resuscitation came from Foote Hospital (now Henry Ford Health – Jackson Hospital) in Jackson, Michigan, United States. In 1982, Emergency Department personnel reconsidered the routine exclusion of families after experiencing situations where a relative requested to remain at the bedside during cardiac arrest care of a loved one, prompting staff to explore family presence as a formal option.[1]
Rationale and concerns
[edit]Reported benefits
[edit]Supporters of FPDR highlight potential benefits, including:
- Facilitating bereavement – “Some family witnesses have reported that being present during resuscitation helped them cope with loss and better understand that everything possible was done.”[2]
- Perceived transparency in care – Some medical care providers have claimed that witnessing resuscitation can reassure family members that appropriate medical action was taken. This perception may contribute to trust in the healthcare team.[3]
Common concerns
[edit]Concerns raised in the medical research literature include:
- Potential for disruption of medical care – Clinicians have expressed concern that family presence may interfere with procedures, especially in high-pressure environments.[4]
- Potential for psychological impact on witnesses – Although many relatives report benefits, some may experience distress or symptoms of post-traumatic stress, especially after unsuccessful resuscitation.[5]
- Potential legal and liability concerns – Institutions have noted potential medicolegal risks, though research has not demonstrated an increase in litigation where structured FPDR protocols exist.[6]
Research
[edit]International Studies
[edit]A pilot randomized trial in the United Kingdom (Robinson et al., 1998) assigned 25 family members to FPDR or control groups. On follow-up, those offered presence had lower rates of intrusive imagery and grief symptoms, with no evidence of psychological harm. The study was terminated early when clinicians declined to withhold FPDR from subsequent families.[7]
A 2013 cluster-randomized trial in France (Jabre et al.) involving 570 relatives of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients found that those who witnessed resuscitation had lower rates of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and complicated grief at follow-up. No negative effects on CPR performance or clinician stress were reported.[8]
U.S.-based studies
[edit]Several studies from Wayne State University (Detroit, Michigan) have examined FPDR in urban emergency and prehospital settings:
- A survey study of emergency medicine personnel in Michigan compared the support for, and perceptions of, family-witnessed resuscitation (FWR) in urban and suburban emergency departments (ED). Half of all ED personnel felt it was appropriate for an escorted family member to be allowed to be present during a resuscitation attempt, however, ED personnel of urban settings were less likely to support FWR than their suburban counterparts. [9]
- Emergency medical service (EMS) providers surveyed reported general comfort with family presence during field resuscitations.[10]
- An observational study conducted in Detroit, Michigan found that family members who witnessed unsuccessful out-of-hospital resuscitation efforts experienced significantly more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during early bereavement, particularly in the domains of avoidance and arousal.[11]
- A prospective study in an urban emergency department in Detroit, Michigan found no significant differences in symptoms of post-traumatic stress or depression between relatives who witnessed resuscitation and those who did not.[3]
- A simulation-based randomized trial found that the presence and behavior of a family witness during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) did alter physician performance. In particular, physicians allocated to an overtly grieving family member witness delivered fewer defibrillation shocks and took longer to administer the first shock compared to control groups without a family witness or with a quiet observer.[12]
In the News
[edit]A **New York Times** article on March 14, 2013 discussed the observational and simulation study findings in clinical contexts, noting that “witnessing CPR might allow the family to know that all possible efforts were implemented …” and that families who observed CPR showed lower rates of post‑traumatic stress and anxiety — supporting studies by Fernandez, Compton, and colleagues :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}.
Guidelines
[edit]Several professional organizations support FPDR under specific conditions:
- The American Heart Association (AHA) includes FPDR as a consideration in its 2020 resuscitation guidelines.[13]
- The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) recommends FPDR when supported by appropriate staffing and protocols.[14]
- The Emergency Nurses Association (ENA) supports FPDR in settings with trained personnel and institutional policies.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Doyle, Constance J; Post, Hank; Burney, Richard E; Maino, John; Keefe, Marcie; Rhee, Kenneth J (1987). "Family participation during resuscitation: An option". Ann Emerg Med. 16 (6): 673–675. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(87)80069-0. ISSN 0196-0644. PMID 3578974.
- ^ Hanson, C; Strawser, D (1992). "Family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Foote Hospital emergency department's nine-year perspective". J Emerg Nurs. 18 (2): 104–106. PMID 1573794.
- ^ a b Compton, S (2011). "Family-witnessed resuscitation: Bereavement outcomes in an urban environment". J Palliat Med. 14 (6): 715–721. doi:10.1089/jpm.2010.0463. PMID 21504307.
- ^ McClement, SE; Fallis, WM; Pereira, A (2009). "Family presence during resuscitation: Canadian critical care nurses' perspectives". J Nurs Scholarsh. 41 (3): 233–240. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03449.x. PMID 19793150.
- ^ Compton, S (2009). "Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with witnessing unsuccessful prehospital CPR". Acad Emerg Med. 16 (3): 226–229. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00336.x. PMID 19133848.
- ^ a b "Position Statement: Family Presence During Invasive Procedures and Resuscitation". Journal of Emergency Nursing. 38 (5). Emergency Nurses Association: 475–476. 2012. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2012.07.005. PMID 22921077.
- ^ Robinson, S (1998). "Randomised trial of family presence during resuscitation". Lancet. 352 (9128): 1058–1062. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79762-7 (inactive 6 July 2025).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) - ^ Jabre, P (2013). "Family presence during out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation". N Engl J Med. 368 (11): 1008–1018. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1203366. PMC 4123210. PMID 23484829.
- ^ Macy, C; Compton, S (2006). "The relationship between hospital setting and perceptions of family-witnessed resuscitation in the emergency department". Resuscitation. 70 (1): 74–79. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.11.012. PMID 16757086.
- ^ Compton, S (2006). "EMS providers' experience with family presence at resuscitation". Resuscitation. 70 (2): 223–228. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.11.013. PMID 16806642.
- ^ Compton, S; Grace, H; Madgy, A; Swor, R (2009). "Post-traumatic stress disorder symptomology associated with witnessing unsuccessful out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation". Acad Emerg Med. 16 (3): 226–229. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00339.x. PMID 19032506.
- ^ Fernandez, R; Compton, S; Jones, K; Velilla, M (2009). "The presence of a family witness impacts physician performance during simulated medical codes". Crit Care Med. 37 (6): 1956–1960. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a00818. PMID 19384215.
- ^ Meaney, PA; Bobrow, BJ (2020). "2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR and ECC: Systems of Care, Education, and Resuscitation". Circulation. 142 (16_suppl_2): S222 – S283. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000898. PMID 33081525.
- ^ Olasveengen, TM (2021). "European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Systems Saving Lives". Resuscitation. 161: 80–97. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.008. PMID 33773834.
- Promotional tone, editorializing and other words to watch
- Vague, generic, and speculative statements extrapolated from similar subjects
- Essay-like writing
- Hallucinations (plausible-sounding, but false information) and non-existent references
- Close paraphrasing
Please address these issues. The best way is usually to read reliable sources and summarize them, instead of using a large language model. See our help page on large language models.