Ubiquitin D

UBD
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2MBE
Identifiers
Aliases	UBD, FAT10, GABBR1, UBD-3, ubiquitin D
External IDs	OMIM: 606050; MGI: 1344410; HomoloGene: 4665; GeneCards: UBD; OMA:UBD - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 6 (human)[1] Band 6p22.1 Start 29,555,515 bp[1] End 29,559,732 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 17 (mouse)[2] Band 17|17 B1 Start 37,504,783 bp[2] End 37,506,986 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in appendix lymph node islet of Langerhans rectum gallbladder human kidney tonsil olfactory zone of nasal mucosa liver spleen Top expressed in thymus mesenteric lymph nodes jejunum mucous cell of stomach lactiferous gland subcutaneous adipose tissue embryo duodenum spleen intestinal villus More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function proteasome binding protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm aggresome nucleus fibrillar center cytosol Biological process positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling response to tumor necrosis factor myeloid dendritic cell differentiation protein modification by small protein conjugation protein ubiquitination ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process response to interferon-gamma proteolysis aggresome assembly positive regulation of apoptotic process post-translational protein modification regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 10537 24108 Ensembl ENSG00000228913 ENSG00000231968 ENSG00000206468 ENSG00000206513 ENSG00000224654 ENSG00000213886 ENSG00000226898 ENSMUSG00000035186 UniProt O15205 P63072 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006398 NM_023137 RefSeq (protein) NP_006389 NP_075626 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 29.56 – 29.56 Mb Chr 17: 37.5 – 37.51 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Ubiquitin D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBD gene, also known as FAT10.^[5][6][7] UBD is a member of the ubiquitin-like protein family and participates in protein turnover by targeting substrates for degradation by the proteasome.

The UBD gene is located within the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I locus on chromosome 6 and was initially identified in reticuloendothelial tissues and mucosal-associated lymphoid systems.^[5][6] The encoded protein has a molecular weight of approximately 18 kDa and contains N- and C-terminal regions that share 29% and 36% sequence identity with ubiquitin, respectively. Unlike other ubiquitin-like modifiers, UBD contains a free C-terminal diglycine motif that allows direct conjugation to target proteins.

UBD functions in a manner analogous to ubiquitin by covalently modifying proteins and directing them to proteasomal degradation. Among ubiquitin-like proteins, UBD is unique in that it can also directly guide noncovalently bound proteins to the proteasome. In addition to its role in protein degradation, UBD has been implicated in the regulation of mitosis, chromosome stability, apoptosis, and immune responses.

Dysregulation of UBD expression has been associated with altered apoptosis, abnormal cell division, and chromosomal instability, processes that are linked to neoplastic transformation. Increased UBD expression has been reported in several tumor types, including liver, cervical, ovarian, pancreatic, gastric, and small intestine adenocarcinomas, while little or no upregulation has been observed in thyroid, prostate, or kidney cancers.^[8] In hepatocellular carcinoma, elevated UBD expression has been associated with increased levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of cell proliferation, and with enhanced tumor growth in experimental models. Overexpression of UBD has also been linked to the formation of Mallory–Denk bodies in chronic liver disease. In gastric cancer, increased UBD expression has been correlated with metastasis, tumor stage, and prognosis, and both UBD mRNA and protein levels have been reported as independent prognostic indicators. UBD expression can be induced by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α through an interferon sequence–responsive element in its promoter, suggesting a link between inflammatory signaling and UBD regulation.

UBD has been shown to interact with NUB1^[9] and MAD2L1.^[10]