| Idris II إدريس الثاني | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emir | |||||
| Reign | 803 – 828 | ||||
| Predecessor | Idris I bin Abdullah | ||||
| Successor | Muhammad bin Idris | ||||
| Born | August 791 Walili, present-day Morocco | ||||
| Died | August 828 Fez, present-day Morocco | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | Hosna bint Sulaiman ben Mohammed al-Najai[1] | ||||
| Issue | Muhammad ibn Idris Gannuna bint Idris[2] | ||||
| |||||
| Dynasty | Idrisid | ||||
| Father | Idris I | ||||
| Mother | Kenza al-Awrabiya | ||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||
Idris II (Arabic: إدريس الثاني)[a] (August 791 – August 828), was an Arab Emir who was the son of Idris I, the founder of the Idrisid dynasty. He was born in Walili two months after the death of his father. He succeeded his father Idris I in 803.
Biography
[edit]Idris II was born on August 791, two months after the death of Idris I in June 971. His mother was Kenza,[3] his father's wife and the daughter of the Awraba tribe chieftain, Ishaq ibn Mohammed al-Awarbi.[4] He was raised among the Berber Awraba tribe of Walili. In 803, he was proclaimed Imam in the mosque of Walila succeeding his father.[5][6]
Of the Idrisid sultans, Idris II was one of the best educated. In the work of Ibn al-Abbar, correspondence between Idris II and his contemporary Aghlabid emir Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab is quoted in which he invites him to renounce his claims to his territories.[7]
Idris II oversaw the arrival of two waves of Arab refugees from al-Andalus in 818 and Ifriqiya in 824–826, who settled mainly in the capital of Fez. Consequently, the Arabization of Morocco began throughout Idris II's reign, during which Fez became predominantly Arabic-speaking. Idris II was guarded by an Arab bodyguard and had an Arab minister named Umair bin Mus'ab.[8]
Idris II led numerous successful expeditions and attacks against Kharijites, and by the end of his reign, the Idrisid realm included the area between the Shalif river in modern-day Algeria and the Sous in southern Morocco.[8]
Idris II died in Fes in 828. The Idrisid emirate was then divided into nine principalities ruled by his sons, with the eldest, Muhammad ibn Idris, ruling as the Emir from Fes.[8] His grave is contained in the Zawiyya Moulay Idris in Fez. It was rediscovered under the Marinid Sultan Abd al-Haqq II in 1437, and became an important place of pilgrimage in the 15th century. It is, up till the present, considered the holiest place of Fez.
References
[edit]- ^ Glacier, Osire (2016-12-19). Femmes politiques au Maroc d'hier à aujourd'hui: La résistance et le pouvoir au féminin (in French). Tarik Editions. ISBN 978-9954-419-82-3.
Kenza would also advise Idris II in his personal affairs. Besides, it was she who chose a wife for him. From then on, the young sultan would have had two royal advisers, namely his mother and his spouse, Hosna bent Solaïmane ben Mohammed anNajaï
- ^ Soufi, Fouad (1998-04-30). "Famille, femmes, histoire : notes pour une recherche". Insaniyat / إنسانيات. Revue algérienne d'anthropologie et de sciences sociales (in French) (4): 109–118. doi:10.4000/insaniyat.11709. ISSN 1111-2050.
- ^ Robinson, Marsha R. (2006). Crossing the Strait from Morocco to the United States: The transnational gendering of the Atlantic world before 1830. The Ohio State University. p. 74.
Idriss' power to rule in this area hinged upon his marriage to Kenza
- ^ "من هو مولاي إدريس الأول - المرسال" [Who is Moulay Idriss I?]. 2020-08-13. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
Her name is Kenza al-Awrabiya in relation to the Berber tribe called Awraba. She is the daughter of the tribe's leader, Ishaq bin Abdul Hamid al-Awrabi, and the wife of Moulay Idris I, who was assassinated while she was pregnant with her first son.
- ^ Eustache, D. (1986) [1971]. "Idrīs II". In Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, C.; Schacht, J. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. BRILL. pp. 1031–1032. ISBN 9004081186.
- ^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1987). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0.
- ^ Ibn Abbar, o.c., ed. Müller, 201-202/ed.Monés, I, p.55 quoted in Herman L. Beck, L'image d'Idrīs II, BRILL, 1989, p.36
- ^ a b c Abun-Nasr, Jamil M.; al-Naṣr, Ǧamīl M. Abū; Abun-Nasr, Abun-Nasr, Jamil Mirʻi (1987-08-20). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0.
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