Wikipedia

Lower Chulym dialect

For other uses, see Chulym.
Lower Chulym
Ӧс (июс) тили
Native toRussia
RegionSiberia
EthnicityLower Chulyms
Extinct2011[1]
Dialects
  • Küärik
  • Ketsik
  • Yezhi
  • Yatsi
  • Chibi
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
clw-low
Glottologchul1246

Lower Chulym is a Turkic dialect of Chulym formerly spoken by the Chulyms on the lower course of the Chulym river and its tributaries, the Kiya and the Yaya in Russia. It went extinct in 2011. It is sometimes grouped with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor, due to similarities.

Research

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When the Russian researcher Dulzon began to study Lower Chulym in the 1940s, the Lower Chulym Turks numbered no more than 250. In the 1990s, their Russification was nearly complete. The language is today, with no doubt, extinct.[2]

Classification

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Lower Chulym is classified in the Siberian group of Turkic languages. Russian linguists consider it to be a dialect of Chulym, together with Middle Chulym [ru]. However, this question is still open.

It is sometimes classed with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor in a Northern Altai group. This is due to the Lower Chulym reflex of Proto-Turkic -d- as -j-, for example proto-Turkic *adak 'leg' as айақ, ajaq 'leg', versus Middle Chulym азақ, azaq. It also bears similarities with the Tom and Baraba dialects of Siberian Tatar.

A third Turkic variety, Küärik, was spoken in the Chulym basin, north of Mariinsk. It is known from the work of Radloff, created around 1900. This dialect, which had disappeared by the time of Dulzon in 1940, was considered by Radloff to be identical to Lower Chulym.[3]

Phonology

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Key: K - Küärik, LC - Lower Chulym

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n nʲ (K) ŋ
Stop voiceless p t tʲ (LC) k ʔ
voiced b d g
Fricative voiceless s ʃ x h
voiced v z ʒ ɣ (ʁ)
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʃ
voiced d͡z (LC)
Approximant l j
Rhotic r

Vocabulary

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The words for the numerals 80 and 90 are сексон and тоқсон, in contrast to сегизон/сегизен and тоғузон/тоғузан for the rest of the Northern Altai group, being an isogloss with Khalaj, Middle Chulym, Kipchak (except for Southern Altai), Karluk and Oghuz.

Sample text

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[4]

kaj-zy

what-3SG.POSS

giži

person

ämdi-dä

now-too and

ǟnä

like this

köm-äďi-lär

bury-PRS-PL

kaj-zy giži ämdi-dä ǟnä köm-äďi-lär

what-3SG.POSS person {now-too and} {like this} bury-PRS-PL

Before, our people used to bury the person who died in a carved coffin.

äski-dä

old-LOC

pis-tiŋ

we-GEN

kiži

person

öl-gän

die-PTCP

kiži-ni

person-ACC

köm-äďigän

bury-PST

äski-dä pis-tiŋ kiži öl-gän kiži-ni köm-äďigän

old-LOC we-GEN person die-PTCP person-ACC bury-PST

Some people bury in this manner now too.

kajzy

what-3SG.POSS

giži

person

ǟd-äďi

make-PRS

kōgur

coffin

äläm-din

plank-ABL

kag-āďi

hit-PRS

pojag-vala

nail-INS

kajzy giži ǟd-äďi kōgur äläm-din kag-āďi pojag-vala

what-3SG.POSS person make-PRS coffin plank-ABL hit-PRS nail-INS

Some people make a coffin from planks [and] hammer (lit. hit) [its parts together] with nail(s).

References

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  1. ^ "Chulym Turkic". Retrieved 2024-11-22. Currently, the Lower Chulym dialect is considered extinct (the last speaker, according to Valeria Lemskaya, died in 2011).
  2. ^ Pomorska 2004, p. 13.
  3. ^ Pomorska 2004, p. 12, note.
  4. ^ Pomorska, Marzanna (2022-03-29). ""Burying in logs" − A philological commentary on a Lower Chulym text recorded by A.P. Duĺzon". Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis. 139 (1): 1–18. doi:10.4467/20834624SL.22.001.15476.

Sources

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