Mathieu Orfila | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 24 April 1787 |
| Died | 12 March 1853 (aged 65) |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Citizenship | Spanish |
| Alma mater | University of Valencia University of Barcelona |
| Known for | Founded toxicology |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Toxicology and chemistry |
Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (Catalan: Mateu Josep Bonaventura Orfila i Rotger) (24 April 1787 – 12 March 1853) was a Spanish toxicologist and chemist, regarded as father of modern toxicology.[1]
Life
[edit]Orfila was born in Minorca and went on to study medicine in Valencia, Barcelona, and finally Paris.[1] Orfilla was appointed as the royal physician to Louis XVIII in 1816.[1] Orfilla became a professor of chemistry at the Athénée of Paris in 1817.[1] In 1819 he received French citizenship, having been born a Spanish subject.[1] In 1830 he was appointed as the dean of the faculty of medicine, and later removed in 1848 during the revolution.[1] In 1851 he became the president of the Academy of Medicine.[1]
Role in forensic toxicology
[edit]If there is reason to believe that a murder or attempted murder may have been committed using poison, a forensic toxicologist pharmaceutical is often engaged to examine pieces of evidence such as corpses and food items for poison content. In Orfila's time the primary type of poison in use was arsenic, but there were not any reliable ways of testing for its presence. Orfila created new techniques, refined existing techniques and described them in his first treatise, Traité des poisons (1813), greatly enhancing their accuracy.
In 1840, Marie Lafarge was tried for the murder of her husband. Although she had had access to arsenic, and arsenic had been found in the victim's food, none could be found in the corpse. Orfila was asked by the court to investigate. He discovered that the test used, the Marsh test, had been performed incorrectly, and that there was in fact arsenic in the body; LaFarge was subsequently found guilty.
References
[edit]- General
- J. R. Bertomeu-Sánchez, A. Nieto-Galan (2006). Chemistry, medicine and crime: Mateu J B Orfila (1787–1853) and his times (PDF). Sagamore Beach, MA: Science History Publications. p. 311. ISBN 0-88135-275-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-07-20.
External links
[edit]- Forensic Toxicology, how it solves cases and the major cases it solved
- Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de Médecine de Paris: Books, biography and studies on Orfila
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Orfila, Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
