Democratic Union Coalition Ардчилсан Холбоо Эвсэл | |
|---|---|
.png) | |
| Abbreviation | DU or DUC (English) "АХ" эвсэл (Mongolian) |
| Chairperson | Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj |
| Founded | 1996 |
| Dissolved | July 2000 |
| Succeeded by | Democratic Party (de facto) |
| Ideology | Big tent Reformism Mongolian nationalism Factions: Conservatism Liberalism Social democracy |
| Political position | Big tent |
| Coalition parties |
|
| Colors | Blue |
| State Great Khural (1996–2000) | 50 / 76 |
| Party flag | |
 | |
The Democratic Union Coalition (Mongolian: Ардчилсан Холбоо Эвсэл, romanized: Ardchilsan Kholboo Evsel) was a coalition of political parties in Mongolia. Its primary constituents were the Mongolian National Democratic Party (MNDP) and the Mongolian Social Democratic Party (MSDP).
Its core policies were the implementation of political and economic reforms in the post-communist period. Its chairman was Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj in 1996–2000.[1] The coalition later became the foundation of the current Democratic Party of Mongolia.[2]
History
[edit]In 1996 prior to the June elections, a political coalition called the "Democratic Union" was formed between the MNDP, the MSDP, the Green Party (GP) and the Mongolian Democratic Renaissance Party (MDRP).[3] The chairman of the MNDP, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj was elected as the chairman of the Democratic Union.
Original composition
[edit]| Party name | Abbr. | Leader | Position | Ideology | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolian National Democratic Party
Монгол Үндэсний Ардчилсан Нам Mongol Ündesnii Ardchilsan Nam |
MNDP
МҮАН |
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj | Centre-right | Reformism | |
| Mongolian Social Democratic Party
Монголын Социал Демократ Нам Mongolyn Sotsial Demokrat Nam |
MSDP
МСДН |
Radnaasümbereliin Gonchigdorj | Centre-left | Social democracy | |
| Mongolian Green Party
Монголын Ногоон Нам Mongolyn Nogoon Nam |
MGP
МНН |
Davaagiin Basandorj | Centre-left | Green politics | |
| Mongolian Democratic Renaissance Party
Монголын Ардчилсан Сэргэн Мандлын Нам Mongolyn Ardchilsan Sergen Mandlyn Nam |
MDRP
МАСМН |
Dashiin Byambasüren | Centre-left | Reformism | |
In the 1996 parliamentary elections, the Democratic Union won in a landslide victory, winning 50 out of 76 seats in the State Great Khural and defeating the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP).[4] For the first time since the 1921 revolution, the MPRP had not been in power and for the first time since the 1990 revolution, a major electoral victory for the pro-democracy opposition was achieved. Out of the 50 seats, 34 belonged to the MNDP, 13 to the MSDP and the 3 belonged to non-party candidates allied with the coalition.[5][6]
Government
[edit]Former member of parliament and manager of the elections campaign of the Democratic Union, Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan became 18th Prime Minister of Mongolia on 18 July 1996. Enkhsaikhan was forced to resign in April 1998, due to internal party infighting about coalition chairman Elbegdorj becoming the next PM.
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, chairman of the MNDP and the Democratic Union, was elected (61-6) by the State Great Khural to become the 19th Prime Minister. However, he would resign after losing a vote of no confidence, due to a decision that sold a state-owned bank to a private bank. He stayed as caretaker prime minister until the next prime minister was nominated, approved by President Natsagiin Bagabandi and elected by the State Great Khural. The minority MPRP, allied with the Mongolian Traditional United Party's single MP, had enough seats in parliament to protest and block the two-thirds quorom need to elect the next prime minister
During the ensuing government crisis, leading figure of the 1990 revolution and MNDP MP Sanjaasürengiin Zorig was assassinated in his home on 2 October 1998. Thousands of mourners crowded Sükhbaatar Square in Ulaanbaatar and to this day, the case remains still unsolved. Janlavyn Narantsatsralt was nominated and approved by president Bagabandi in December and became the 20th Prime Minister. He served until July 1999 when he resigned due to backlash from a controversial letter to the Russian federation. Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal succeeded him and served as the 21st Prime Minister until the 2000 election were held in July.[3][7]
Dissolution
[edit]The Democratic Union had effectively split up by the time of the 2000 parliamentary elections, with only the MNDP and the Mongolian Religious Democratic Party (MRDP) remaining in the coalition. The MPRP won an overwhelming supermajority of 72 seats in the State Great Khural, nearly wiping out the entire opposition parties from parliament. The coalition lost its previous 49 seats and won a single seat out of 76. The coalition was dissolved subsequently after the election defeat.[8] The MNDP, the MSDP, the MDRP, the MRDP would later merge together into the modern-day Democratic Party on 6 December 2000.[2]
Electoral history
[edit]Presidential elections
[edit]| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat | 292,896 | 30.65% | Lost 
|
State Great Khural elections
[edit]| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj | 475,267 | 47.05% | 50 / 76
|
 50
|
1st
|
Governing coalition |
| 2000 | Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal | 133,890 | 13.35% | 1 / 76
|
 49
|
2nd
|
Opposition |
References
[edit]- ^ Lawrence, Susan V. (14 June 2011). "Mongolia: Issues for Congress" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ a b "Намын тухай". democraticparty.mn (in Mongolian). Democratic Party. Retrieved 2025-09-01.
- ^ a b gogo.mn. "Тарж, талцдаг эвслүүдийн түүх давтагдах уу". gogo.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2025-09-01.
- ^ Nohlen, Grotz & Hartmann, Dieter, Florian & Cristof (2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook. Vol. II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 506. ISBN 0-19-924959-8.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Ex-Communists Lose In Mongolia Election". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2015-05-26. Retrieved 2025-09-01.
- ^ Ginsburg, Tom (1997). "Fighting Fire and Ice: Mongolia". chicagounbound.uchicago.edu. Chicago Unbound. Retrieved 2025-09-02.
- ^ "Монголын ардчилал ба АН-ын "түүхэн замнал"". sonin.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2025-09-01.
- ^ "Гурав дахь удаагийн сонгуулиар байгуулагдсан Монгол Улсын Их Хурал /2000-2004 он/". parliament.mn (in Mongolian). Монгол Улсын Их Хурал. 2024-07-02. Retrieved 2025-09-02.
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