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Paschal troparion

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The Paschal troparion or Christos anesti (Koinē Greek: Χριστὸς ἀνέστη) is the characteristic troparion for the celebration of Pascha (Easter) in the Byzantine Rite.

Like most troparia, it is a brief stanza often used as a refrain between the verses of a psalm, but is also used on its own. It is sung in the first plagal (or fifth) tone. Its author or date is unknown.

Text

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Greek Transliteration English translation[1] Poetic English translation
by Vladimir Morosan
Χριστὸς ἀνέστη ἐκ νεκρῶν,
θανάτῳ θάνατον πατήσας,
καὶ τοῖς ἐν τοῖς μνήμασι,
ζωὴν χαρισάμενος!
 Christós anésti ek nekrón,
thanáto thánaton patísas,
ké tís en tís mnímasi,
zoín charisámenos!
Christ is risen from the dead,
by death trampling death,
and to those in the tombs
granting life!
Christ is risen from the dead,
trampling down death by death,
and upon those in the tombs
bestowing life!

The first line paraphrases from 1 Corinthians 15:20 (Νυνὶ δὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν).[2] The troparion is part of the Paschal Divine Liturgy of the Byzantine Rite, and it was certainly in use in the 5th or 6th century.[2] Its ultimate origin is unknown; Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeyev) (2009) has suggested a 2nd-century origin.[3]

In other languages
Language Translation Transliteration
Albanian Krishti u-ngjall se vdékuresh,
me vdékjé vdékjén shkéli
édhé te varrosurvé u fali jéten!
Arabic
المسيح قام من بين الأموات
و وطئ الموت بالموت
و وهب الحياة
للذين في القبور
 Al-Masīh qām min baīni'l-amwāt
Wa wati’ al-mawt bi'l-mawt
Wa wahab al-hayāt
Lil-ladhīna fī'l-qubūr!
Basque Piztu da Kristo hiletarik,
Hilez garbaitu du herioa,
piztuz ateratzen gaitzu gure hobietarik!
Belarusian
(Cyrillic orthography)		 Хрыстос уваскрос зь мёртвых,
Сьмерцю сьмерць зваяваў
І тым, што ў магілах
Жыцьцё дараваў![4]		 Khrystos uvaskros z' myortvykh,
S'myertsyu s'myerts' zvayavaw
I tym, shto w mahilakh
Zhyts'tsyo daravaw
Belarusian
(Latin orthography)		 Chrystos uvaskros ź miortvych,
Śmierciu śmierć zvajavaŭ
I tym, što ŭ mahiłach
Zyćcio daravaŭ		 Khrystos uvaskros z' myortvykh,
S'myertsyu s'myerts' zvayavaw
I tym, shto w mahilakh
Zhyts'tsyo daravaw
Bulgarian Христос възкръсна от мъртвите,
като със смърт смъртта потъпка
и на тия, които са в гробовете,
дарува живот.
Chinese E基督已經從死裡復活，
他的死勝過死亡，
把生命賜給已埋葬在墓中的人。		 jidu yijing cong sili fuhuo,
ta de si shengguo siwang,
ba shengming cigei yi maizang
zai muzhong de ren.
Church Slavonic Хс҄рсто́съ воскрє́сє ᾿иꙁъ мє́ртвъіхъ,
смє́ртїю смє́рть попра́въ,
᾿и су́щимъ во гробѣ́хъ Живо́тъ дарова́въ.
Paschal troparion in Royal Russian
This language is not well-supported on many systems,
so it may not appear as intended here.		 Khristos voskrese iz mertvykh,
Smertiyu smert poprav,
E sushchim vo grobekh
Zhivot darovav!
Church Slavonic
Earlier version (currently only
used by the Old Believers)		 Хрїстосъ воскресе изъ мертвыхъ,
Смертїю на смерть настѹпи,
И грѡбным животъ дарова!		 Khristos voskrese iz mertvykh
Smertiyu na smert nastupi
I grobnym zhivot darova!
Coptic Ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲛϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲏⲉⲑⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ:
ⲫⲏⲉ̀ⲧⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲁϥϩⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲙⲟⲩ
ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲏⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ̀ϩⲁⲩ
ⲁϥⲉⲣϩ̀ⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ.		 Pekhrestos aftonf evol-khennee-ethmoot,
fee-etaf-mo af-homy, ejen efmo
owoh, nee etky khen-nee-emhaf,
afer-ehmot no-oo empy-onkh en-eneh
Czech Vstal z mrtvých Kristus,
smrtí smrt překonal
a jsoucím ve hrobech,
život daroval!
Dutch Christus is opgestaan uit de doden,
door Zijn dood vertreedt Hij de dood
en schenkt het Leven
aan hen in het graf!
Eastern Armenian K’ristos haryav i mereloc’.
Mahvamb zmah koxeac’
yev merelyac’
kyank pargevec’av.
Filipino Si Kristo ay nabuhay mula sa mga patay,
Sa pamamagitan ng kanyang kamatayan,
nilupig niya ang kamatayan,
At ang mga nasa himlayan
Ay binigyan niya ng buhay!
Finnish Kristus nousi kuolleista,
kuolemallaan kuoleman voitti
ja haudoissa oleville elämän antoi.
French Le Christ est ressuscité des morts;
par la mort, il a vaincu la mort;
à ceux qui sont dans les tombeaux
il a donné la vie!
Georgian ქრისტე აღსდგა მკვდრეთით,
სიკვდილითა სიკვდილისა დამთრგუნველი
და საფლავების შინათა
ცხოვრების მიმნიჭებელი!		 Kriste aghsdga mkvdretit,
sikvdilita sikvdilisa damtrgunveli,
da saplavebis shinata
tskhovrebis mimnichebeli.
German Christus ist auferstanden von den Toten
hat den Tod durch den Tod zertreten
und denen in den Gräbern das Leben geschenkt!
Hawaiian Ua ala a'e nei 'o Kristo mai ka moe lepo,
e hehi ʻana i ka make ma o kona make a;
i nā mea i loko o nā ilina e manawale'a ana aku i ke ola!
Hungarian Feltámadt Krisztus halottaiból,
legyőzte halállal a halált,
és a sírban lévőknek életet ajándékozott!
Indonesian Kristus t'lah bangkit dari mati
Dengan matinya t'lah menginjak-injak maut
Dan pada mereka yang di kuburan hidup dianugerahkan!
Italian Cristo è risorto dai morti,
Con la morte ha vinto la morte,
E a quelli nelle tombe
Ha donato la vita!
Japanese ハリストス死より復活し、
死を以て死を滅ぼし、
墓に在る者に
生命を賜へり。		 Harisutosu shi yori fukkatsu shi,
shi o motte shi o horoboshi,
haka ni aru mono ni
inochi o tamaeri.
Kapampangan Y Cristo sinubli yang mebie qng Camatayan.
Qng panga'mate na menagumpe ya qng Camatayan,
at bi'nie na ing bie careng Maca'cutcut.
Korean 그리스도께서 부활하셨네
죽음으로 죽음을 멸하시고
무덤에 있는 자들에게
생명을 베푸셨나이다!		 Geu'ri'seu'do-gge'seo bu'hwal-ha'shyeott'ne
jug'eum-eu'ro jug'eum-eul myeol-ha'shi'go
mu'deom-e itt'neun ja'deul-e'ge
saeng'myeong-eul be'pu-shyeott'na'i'da!
Latin Christus resurrexit a mortuis,
Morte mortem calcavit,
Et entibus in sepulchris
Vitam donavit.
Latvian Kristus no miroņiem augšāmcēlies,
Nāvi ar nāvi iznīcinājis
Un tiem, kas kapos,
Dzīvību dāvinājis!
Lithuanian Kristus prisikėlė iš numirusių,
Savo mirtimi mirtį nugalėjo,
Mirusiems gyvybę dovanojo
Palauan Kristus a mla mekiis ra kodall,
Sirreihi a kodall loba kodall,
el kirel ar ngara debull el nguu a klengar.
Pingelapese Krais isada sang mehla,
kaluwehdiehr mehla pwehki ah pwoula,
oh ketkiheng irail nan sousou mour.
Polish Chrystus powstał z martwych,
śmiercią podeptał śmierć
i będącym w grobach
życie dał!		 Khristoos povstaoo z martvykh,
Smercioo podeptaoo smierts,
E bendontsim v grobah
Zhitse daoo!
Portuguese Cristo ressuscitou dos mortos,
pisando a morte com a morte,
e dando a vida aos sepultados.
Romanian Hristos a înviat din morţi,
Cu moartea pre moarte călcând,
Şi celor din morminte,
Viaţă dăruindu-le!
Serbian Христос васкрсе из мртвих,
смрћу смрт уништи,
и онима који су у гробовима,
живот дарова!		 Hristos vaskrse iz mrtvih,
Smrcu smrt unisti,
I onoma koji su u grobovima,
zivot darova!
Slovak Kristus slávne vstal z mŕtvych,
smrťou smrť premohol
a tým, čo sú v hroboch
život daroval!
Slovenian Kristus je vstal od mrtvih,
z vstajenjem je premagal smrt
in tistim, ki so v grobovih,
je daroval življenje!

or,

Kristus je vstal od mrtvih,
z vstajenjem je premagal smrt,
in dal življenje
mrtvim v grobeh!
Spanish Cristo ha resucitado de los muertos,
pisoteando la muerte por la muerte,
y a los que están en los sepulcros
dando la vida.

or,

Cristo ha resucitado de los muertos,
por la muerte, la muerte hollando;
y a los que están en las tumbas
la vida dando.
Turkish Mesih ölülerden dirildi,
ölüm ile ölümü tepeleyerek
ve mezarda olanlara hayat bağışladı.
Ukrainian Христос воскрес із мертвих,
смертю смерть подолав,
і тим, що в гробах,
життя дарував!		 Khrystos voskres iz mertvykh,
Smertiu smert podolav,
I tym shcho v hrobakh
Zhyttia daruvav!

Usage

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According to the testimony of the Jerusalem tropologion (or iadgari, an ancient hymnography surviving only in a Georgian translation of the 8th century[5]), the troparion was sung at the end of the Easter Vigil in the late ancient Jerusalem Easter liturgy.[2] Based on the Typikon of the Great Church, the troparion was part of the non-monastic liturgy at the Hagia Sophia by the 10th century.[2]

In Finland, the Orthodox Church of Finland is a minority church. However, the Orthodox Easter Vigil has been broadcast on radio and television for decades, and so the troparion gradually became well-known to non-Orthodox Finns. In 1986, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland – the largest religious denomination in the country — added the troparion to its revised official hymnal, where it is hymn number 90, used for Easter. It is recommended to be sung three times in succession.[6]

At Pope Francis' funeral, after the Litany of the Saints, the patriarchs, archbishops, and metropolitans of the Eastern Catholic Churches stood beside the coffin of Pope Francis for the Supplicatio Ecclesiae Orientalium (formerly known as the Officio Defectorum in Byzantine liturgy). After thrice chanting the Paschal troparion and chanting prayers, one of the patriarchs censed the coffin. This ritual was also performed at the funeral of Pope John Paul II.[7][8][9][10]

References

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  1. ^ "Greek". Archdiocese of Canada - Orthodox Church in America. 2012-11-17. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
  2. ^ a b c d Derek Krueger, "The transmission of liturgical joy in Byzantine hymns for Easter", in: Bitton-Ashkelony and Krueger (eds.) Prayer and Worship in Eastern Christianities, 5th to 11th Centuries (2016), p. 139 and note 41.
  3. ^ Christ the Conqueror of Hell: The Descent into Hades from an Orthodox Perspective, Crestwood, St. Vladimir's Seminary Press (2009), p. 34.
  4. ^ [Nadsan 2002] а. Аляксандр Надсан. "Госпаду памолімся", Божым шляхам, Лёндан 2002.
  5. ^ Andrew Wade, The Oldest Iadgari: The Jerusalem Tropologion V-VIII c. (1984)
  6. ^ Hanna (2017-11-21). "Virsi 90 - Kristus nousi kuolleista". Virsikirja.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 2022-09-06.
  7. ^ Coppen, Luke. "Cardinal Mahony to play role in papal burial rites". Pillar Catholic. Archived from the original on 25 April 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-26.
  8. ^ Wolfe, Jonathan (25 April 2025). "Cardinal Roger Mahony, Accused of Hiding Sex Abuse, Will Help Close Pope Francis' Casket". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 26 April 2025. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
  9. ^ "Delegações ecumênicas e religiosas na Praça São Pedro para o funeral". Vatican News (in Portuguese). 2025-04-26. Archived from the original on 27 April 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-26.
  10. ^ Helleniscope (2025-04-26). ""Christ is Risen" Was Sung In Greek At Pope Francis' Funeral (EN-GR)". Helleniscope. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
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