Portal:Tornadoes


The Tornadoes Portal

An F5 tornado near Tracy, Minnesota, in 1968

Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that are in contact with the Earth and either a cumulonimbus or a cumulus cloud. Tornadoes are often referred to as twisters, whirlwinds, or cyclones. While most tornadoes attain winds of less than 110 miles per hour (180 km/h), are about 250 feet (80 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers), the wind speeds in the most intense tornadoes can reach 300 miles per hour (480 km/h), are more than two miles (3 km) in diameter, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles (more than 100 km). Various types of tornadoes include the multiple vortex tornado, landspout, and waterspout. Other tornado-like phenomena that exist in nature include the gustnado, dust devil, fire whirl, and steam devil. Most tornadoes occur in North America (in the United States and Canada), concentrated in a region nicknamed the Tornado Alley. Tornadoes also occur in South America, South Africa, Europe, Asia, and Oceania.

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Photos from National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman, Oklahoma show staff and instrument chasing tornadoes during the first VORTEX project from 1994 to 1995. The first photo was in Graham, Texas, and the second southeast of Shamrock, Texas.

Storm chasing is broadly defined as the deliberate pursuit of any severe weather phenomenon, regardless of motive, but most commonly for curiosity, adventure, scientific investigation, or for news or media coverage. A person who chases storms is known as a storm chaser (or "chaser" for short).

While witnessing a tornado is the single biggest objective for most chasers, many chase thunderstorms and delight in viewing cumulonimbus and related cloud structures, watching a barrage of hail and lightning, and seeing what skyscapes unfold. A smaller number of storm chasers attempt to intercept tropical cyclones, waterspouts, blizzards, and other weather phenomena. (Full article...)

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This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States during November to December 2018. Based on the 1991–2010 averaging period, 58 tornadoes occur across the United States throughout November while 24 more occur in December.

November saw multiple large outbreaks, the first of which was an extension of an outbreak that began at the end of October while the last one extended into December. December also featured an unusually strong tornado in the state of Washington. November and December finished significantly above average with 88 and 66 tornadoes respectively. However, both months did not have any violent tornadoes, leaving the United States without any tornadoes of such intensity for all of 2018. (Full article...)

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Damage in Moore, Oklahoma following an F4 tornado on May 8.

This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2003. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Bangladesh, and Eastern India, but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe, Asia, and Australia. Tornadic events are often accompanied with other forms of severe weather, including strong thunderstorms, strong winds, and hail.

There were 1,395 tornadoes reported in the United States in 2003, of which 1,374 were confirmed. 2003 is currently the seventh-most active year for tornadoes in the United States since reliable record-keeping began in 1950. (Full article...)

2025 tornado activity

The storm complex moving over the Central United States in the evening hours of March 4

A large-scale extratropical cyclone brought blizzard conditions across the Upper Midwest starting March 4, 2025, causing widespread gusty winds and several tornadoes. Developing on March 2, the system developed as a Colorado low and rapidly strengthened on March 4. Very gusty winds were prevalent due to the immense size and strength of the system as a result.

Over 400,000 power outages were reported to have been inflicted by the storm in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, and at least six people were killed, three in Nebraska and three in Mississippi. The storm was the first major weather event to hit the United States since the mass layoff of federal employees at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (Full article...)

Tornado anniversaries

December 6

  • 1892 – A tornado outbreak killed three people in northeastern Texas. An F4 tornado swept away farms near Atlanta, Texas, killing one person and injuring 25, 13 of them in one house. An F2 tornado killed a child near Marshall and another F2 tornado killed a person near Nacocgdoches.
  • 1983 – An F3 tornado moved across parts of Selma, Alabama, damaging or destroying 103 buildings, including a dormitory at Selma University. One person was killed and 19 were injured. An F4 tornado struck the northwestern portion of La Place, Louisiana, injuring 25 people. About 100-125 homes were severely damaged with 25-30 destroyed. Several homes were wiped clean from their foundations, but an F5 rating was not assigned because the homes were not well-anchored.
  • 2012 – A rain-wrapped EF2 tornado struck Hobsonville, a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand killing three people, including two workers at a construction site, tying it as New Zealand's deadliest tornado. The other record-holder was in Hamilton in 1948.

December 7

  • 1924 – An outbreak produced strong tornadoes in Arkansas, Tennessee, and Alabama. An F2 tornado killed three people in one home near Beedeville, Arkansas. Another F2 tornado killed one person near Gibson, Tennessee. One other person may have died near Gallatin, Tennessee.
  • 1996 – A short-lived F2 tornado touched down in Riverview, Florida. A man and his three dogs died when a mobile home was thrown 100 feet (30 m). A car was found with most of its contents, including a transmission, sucked out through the hatchback.
  • 2010 – An F3 tornado tracked 34 miles (54 km) across the Santarém and Castelo Branco Districts of Portugal, causing its worst damage in Tomar and injuring 40 people, including several children at a kindergarten.

December 8

  • 1851 – Two destructive tornadoes came ashore at Marsala, Sicily (then part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies) and crossed a portion of the island before returning to the sea at Castellammare del Golfo. An estimated 500 people were killed, including 200 at Castellammare, where half the down was destroyed.
  • 1917 – An F2 tornado destroyed several homes and other buildings in Atlanta, Louisiana, killing a child and injuring two others. This event came exactly one year after another F2 tornado hit Atlanta. The 1916 storm was more destructive, destroying 35 homes and many smaller structures; two people were killed and 15 were injured.

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The following are images from various tornado-related articles on Wikipedia.

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A cumulative map of all tornadoes and tornado warnings throughout the outbreak

Accompanying Hurricane Katrina's catastrophic coastal impacts was a moderate tornado outbreak spawned by the cyclone's outer bands. The event spanned August 26–31, 2005, with 57 tornadoes touching down across 8 states. One person died and numerous communities suffered damage of varying degrees from central Mississippi to Pennsylvania, with Georgia sustaining record monetary damage for the month of August. Due to extreme devastation in coastal areas of Louisiana and Mississippi, multiple tornadoes may have been overlooked—overshadowed by the effects of storm surge and large-scale wind—and thus the full extent of the hurricane's tornado outbreak is uncertain. Furthermore, an indeterminate number of waterspouts likely formed throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Katrina.

The outbreak began with an isolated F2 over the Florida Keys on August 26; no tornadoes were recorded the following day as the storm traversed the Gulf of Mexico. Four weak tornadoes were observed on August 28 as the hurricane approached land, each causing little damage. Coincident with Katrina's landfall, activity began in earnest on August 29 with numerous tornadoes touching down across Gulf Coast states. Georgia suffered the greatest impact on this day, with multiple F1 and F2 tornadoes causing significant damage; one person died in Carroll County, marking the first known instance of a tornado-related death in the state during August. A record 18 tornadoes touched down across Georgia on August 29, far exceeding the previous daily record of just 2 tornadoes for the month throughout the state. Activity diminished over the subsequent two days as the former hurricane moved northward. Several more tornadoes touched down across the Mid-Atlantic states before the cessation of the outbreak just after midnight local time on August 31. (Full article...)

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