Wikipedia

Rai 1

Rai 1
Logo used since 2016
CountryItaly
HeadquartersRome, Italy
Programming
Language(s)Italian
Picture format1080i HDTV
Ownership
OwnerRAI
Sister channelsRai 2
Rai 3
Rai 4
Rai 5
Rai Gulp
Rai Movie
Rai News 24
Rai Premium
Rai Scuola
Rai Sport
Rai Storia
Rai Yoyo
Rai Ladinia
Rai Südtirol
Rai Italia
History
Launched3 January 1954; 71 years ago (1954-01-03)
Former namesProgramma Nazionale (1953–1975)
Rete 1 (1975–1983)
Raiuno (1983–2010)
Links
Websiterai.it/rai1
Availability
Terrestrial
Digital terrestrial televisionChannel 1 (HD)
Channel 501 (HbbTV)
Streaming media
RaiPlayLive streaming (only in Italy)

Rai 1 (Italian: [ˈrai ˈuːno]) is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster RAI – Radiotelevisione italiana. It is the company's flagship television channel and is known for broadcasting mainstream and generalist programming, usually aimed towards families, including TG1 news bulletins, prime time drama, cinema and entertainment, and major breaking news, sports and special events.

It was launched on 3 January 1954 as the first regular television service in Italy. It was the only one until 4 November 1961, when RAI launched a second channel.[1] The channel was initially referred to as "Programma Nazionale". It received other names, such as "Rete 1" and "Raiuno" until it adopted its current name "Rai 1". It has the highest viewership in Italy and regularly competes with Mediaset's Canale 5.

In the United Kingdom, it is available in free-to-air satellite broadcast from Hot Bird 13B.

History

[edit]

Early years

[edit]

The first television channel receivable in Italy started its experimental broadcasts in 1934.[2] After the interruption caused by the Second World War, it was reinstated in 1949 from Triennale di Milano and for its presentation, Corrado Mantoni was selected,[3] already noted for his radio work and especially for the announcement of the end of the conflict. Its regular broadcasts started at 11am on Sunday, January 3, 1954.[4][5] Initially, the channel had no official name, because it was directly identified as Rai TV, which was the name of the company.

La Rai − Radiotelevisione Italiana inizia oggi il suo regolare servizio di trasmissioni televisive. Rai – Italian Radiotelevision starts its regular television broadcasting service today.

— Fulvia Colombo announcing the start of TV broadcasting, 3 January 1954

The first set of programming for Rai 1 was almost completely educational with no advertising, except for the popular Carosello. Early shows were meant to teach a common language to a country torn apart by World War II. Shows like Non è mai troppo tardi... were simply shot in a classroom setting and meant to help with reconstruction. While televisions were not widely available nor affordable, those who could spend the money on them became community leaders and often invited the neighbourhood to visit. Bars and cafés turned from places where men would meet to argue or play cards into miniature cinemas where arguments over what show to watch would break out. Women and children were also more accepted inside the bars due to the lack of men post-war and their need to enter working society. Churches also bought televisions are a means of drawing people to spend time as part of those communities.

The Sanremo Music Festival, until then broadcast exclusively on radio, began television broadcasts in 1955,[6] and since 1956 (though for a few years seen on other networks of the corporation), it carried the Eurovision Song Contest, which was derived from Sanremo.

1960s

[edit]

In the 1960s, with the advent of the economic boom, teelevision, up until then a luxury item, turned into a mass obbject. On 4 November 1961, Rai launched its second network (Secondo Programma, the current Rai 2) while the existing Rai channel was renamed Programma Nazionale.[7]

Rai reforms

[edit]

The Rai reforms of 1975 introduced new norms related to the television reform: among other things, control of the public service passed from the Government to Parliament, cable broadcasts were regulated (thus encouraging the creation of local private TV) and each channel was assigned its own management.[8] Telegiornale, which until then was a single unit that produced bulletins for both networks, was divided into two different newspapers: TG1 for the first channel and TG2 for the second. The first news programs under the new names were broadcast starting from 15 March 1976. On 5 April 1976, the National Program took on the name Rete 1 (Network 1).

The reform also provided for the establishment of the role of network director, guarantor figure for the contents broadcast by the channel, as well as that of the news director; the first directors of Rete 1 and TG1 were respectively Mimmo Scarano and Emilio Rossi, both Christian Democrats, appointed on 2 December 1975.[9]

In 1977, the Carosello strand ended after a 20-year run; in the same year, Rai, after six years of trying, started producing its own programs in color, giving birth to the Italian neotelevisione period.

1980s

[edit]

After losing its television monopoly at a local scale in the previous decades, Rai lost it at a national scale,[10] in 1980 the broadcasts of Canale 5 (owned by Fininvest of Milanese publisher Silvio Berlusconi) began, and in 1982, those of the Italia 1 (owned by Rusconi) and Rete 4 (owned by Mondadori) began.

Shortly after the launch of Rete 4, the three public channels changed names: on 2 October 1983, the three channels removed the word "Rete", replacing it with the current "Rai". In the same year, the logos for the three networks were created: Rai 1 was represented by a blue sphere. The name change occurred to prevent Rete 4 from being mistaken for a RAI channel.

2000s

[edit]

In 2002, Fabrizio Del Noce, akin to Forza Italia, became the channel's director.[11]

High-definition feed

[edit]

The channel launched an HDTV 1080i simulcast in September 2013, available nationwide on subscription-television providers and on DTT (channel 1). Previously, HD programmes used to be aired on Rai HD.

Broadcast in outside Italy

[edit]

In Slovenia, France (except Monaco), Greece, Austria, Lebanon, Hungary, Switzerland, Croatia, Lithuania, San Marino and Vatican City. The channel is also available to watch on satellite via Hellas Sat 4.

Logos

[edit]
  • 3 October 1983 to 26 September 1988
    3 October 1983 to 26 September 1988
  • 18 May 2010 to 12 September 2016
    18 May 2010 to 12 September 2016
  • In use since September 2016
    In use since September 2016

Directors of Rai 1

[edit]
Name Period
Giuseppe Matteucci 3 January 1954 - 14 March 1976
Mimmo Scarano 15 March 1976 - 6 March 1980
Paolo Valmarana 7 March - 9 October 1980 (ad interim)
Emmanuele Milano 10 October 1980 - 6 April 1987
Giuseppe Rossini 7 April 1987 - 8 December 1988
Carlo Fuscagni 9 December 1988 - 25 October 1993
Nadio Delai 26 October 1993 - 16 September 1994
Brando Giordani 17 September 1994 - 14 August 1996
Giovanni Tantillo 15 August 1996 - 31 May 1998
Agostino Saccà 1 June 1998 - 18 June 2000
30 April 2001 - 5 May 2002
Pier Luigi Celli 19 June - 10 September 2000
Maurizio Beretta 11 September 2000 - 29 April 2001
Fabrizio Del Noce 6 May 2002 - 27 May 2009
Mauro Mazza 28 May 2009 - 28 November 2012
Giancarlo Leone 29 November 2012 - 17 February 2016
Andrea Fabiano 18 February 2016 - 11 October 2017
Angelo Teodoli 12 October 2017 - 26 November 2018
Teresa De Santis 27 November 2018 - 14 January 2020
Stefano Coletta 14 January 2020 - June 2022

From June 2022, as part of a management reorganization of Rai, network management has been abolished in favour of gender ones.

Current programmes

[edit]

Events

[edit]

Shows in prime time

[edit]

Game shows

[edit]

Daytime entertainment

[edit]

Disclosure and culture

[edit]

News and information

[edit]

Editing

[edit]
  • Techetechete' [it] (since 2012), a programme using video clips, images, and vintage films from the RAI archive and connected to each other based on a specific. theme, thread, or character.
  • TecheTeche Top Ten [it] (from 2024)

Entertainment

[edit]

Documentaries and culture

[edit]

TV series

[edit]

Sports

[edit]

Kids

[edit]

Past programmes

[edit]

Events

[edit]
  • Safety Love (2024)[13]
  • La grande Opera Italiana patrimonio dell'umanità (2024)[14]

Documentaries

[edit]

Films

[edit]

Early programmes

[edit]

Until the autumn 1976/77 season, regular broadcasting was in monochrome (black and white), with very few exceptions (shown in bold). Regular colour broadcasting began during the winter 1976/77 season.

  • Un due tre... aka 1, 2, 3, satire/variety show starring Raimondo Vianello e Ugo Tognazzi. Considered one of the most influential shows in Italian television history, it was discontinued in 1959 after the duo performed an ironic sketch about then-president of the Republic, Giovanni Gronchi[23] (six seasons, from 19 January 1954 to 2 August 1959).
  • Lascia o raddoppia, a one-hour-long game show hosted by Mike Bongiorno (1955–59, on Thursday, at 9:00 PM, except for the first season shown on Saturday night).
  • Primo applauso, early talent show hosted by Enzo Tortora and Silvana Pampanini. The clap-o-metre was introduced to Italian television during this programme. Magician Silvan and singer Adriano Celentano debuted in Primo Applauso (from 29 April 1956 until December of the same year, Sunday night, 9:00 PM).
  • Telematch, variety/game show hosted by Enzo Tortora and Silvio Noto (from 6 January 1957 to July 1958, Sunday night at 9:15 PM).
  • La macchina per vivere, health care/educational programme about the human body (two seasons, from 31 January 1957, Thursday night at 10:45 PM).
  • Il Musichiere, a one-hour-long Italian version of Name That Tune, hosted by Mario Riva until his death (1957–60, on Saturday nights at 9:00 PM).
  • Campanile Sera, a one-hour-long game show, hosted by Enzo Tortora, Mike Bongiorno and Enza Sampò (1959–61, on Thursday at 9:00 PM). One of the various games on the show, "il gioco dei prezzi", was an early Italian incarnation of The Price Is Right franchise.
  • Studio Uno, Saturday night variety show, hosted mainly by Mina (1961–66, 9:00 PM).
  • L'amico del giaguaro, Saturday night comedy/variety show, hosted by Corrado and starring Gino Bramieri, Marisa Del Frate and Raffaele Pisu. Broadcast during 1961, 1962 and 1964 summer seasons, at 9:00 PM.
  • Giocagiò, daytime half-hour-long Italian version of the BBC children's show Play School (1966–70, Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 5:00 PM)
  • L'Odissea, eight one hour episodes of a screenplay of Homer's Odyssey, directed by Franco Rossi and starring Bekim Fehmiu as Odysseus and Irene Papas as Penelope. This Italian-German-French-Yugoslavian co-production was broadcast for the first time in Italy from 24 March 1968, on Sunday night, at 9:05 PM. In colour, but the programme was shown in black and white in Italy the first time it was aired.
  • Eneide, seven one hour episodes of a screenplay of Virgil's Aeneid, directed by Franco Rossi and starring Giulio Brogi (Aeneas) and Olga Karlatos (Dido). This Italian-German-French co-production was broadcast for the first time in Italy from 19 December 1971, on Sundays, at 9:00 PM and in Germany from 5 November 1972. In colour.
  • Le avventure di Pinocchio, five one hour episodes of a screenplay of Collodi's children novel The Adventures of Pinocchio, directed by Luigi Comencini and starring Nino Manfredi (Geppetto), Gina Lollobrigida (the Fairy with Turquoise Hair), Franco Franchi (the Cat), Ciccio Ingrassia (the Fox), Vittorio De Sica (the Judge) and child actor Andrea Balestri in the main role of Pinocchio. This very successful French-German-Italian coproduction aired for the first time in Italy on Saturday night from 8 April 1972, at 9:00 PM. The French version is about 40 minutes longer and is divided into 6 episodes. In colour.
  • Fatti e fattacci, variety show, hosted by Gigi Proietti and Ornella Vanoni, directed by Antonello Falqui (four episodes, from 15 February 1975, Saturday night at 8:40 PM). In colour.
  • Dov'è Anna, drama/giallo miniseries in seven episodes, starring Scilla Gabel and Mariano Rigillo, broadcast on Tuesday, from 13 January 1976, at 8:45 PM.[24]
  • Albert e l'Uomo Nero (the title, roughly translated, means Albert and the Bogeyman), drama/giallo miniseries in three episodes, starring Nando Gazzolo, Franco Graziosi and then kid Claudio Cinquepalmi in the title role of Albert. Avant-garde soundtrack by Franco Micalizzi. It was perhaps the last successful Italian black and white drama series, aired on 21 March (Sunday), 23 March (Tuesday) and 28 March (Sunday) nights at 8:45 PM.[25]
  • Bontà loro, one-hour-long late night talk show hosted by Maurizio Costanzo, is considered by some critics to be the first modern talk show on Italian television (two seasons, from 18 October 1976, Monday night, 10:45 PM). In colour from 1977.
  • Non Stop, one-hour-long comedy consisting of a collage of sketches performed by young and (then) unknown comedians – among these, future theatrical actor and director Carlo Verdone and actors Massimo Troisi and Lello Arena. Broadcast for two seasons (1977-8 and 1978-9), on Thursday night, at 8:40 PM.

Monthly share

[edit]

Auditel data related to the average monthly day on the target of viewers over the age of 4.[26]

Since May 2022, the ratings evaluation criteria have changed.[27]

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year average
2012 19,22% 21,10% 19,32% 18,31% 18,36% 19,09% 15,84% 14,47% 17,08% 17,99% 18,83% 18,07% 18,09%
2013 18,59% 20,89% 19,38% 18,47% 18,26% 16,48% 15,98% 15,91% 16,51% 17,22% 17,86% 16,64% 17,81%
2014 17,58% 18,84% 17,52% 16,83% 16,26% 17,94% 16,63% 15,30% 16,84% 17,95% 18,11% 17,54% 17,35%
2015 17,33% 19,70% 16,86% 16,84% 16,57% 15,54% 15,34% 15,61% 16,89% 17,50% 17,30% 17,11% 16,96%
2016 17,60% 20,01% 17,72% 17,31% 16,59% 17,94% 14,97% 13,45% 15,49% 15,85% 15,79% 15,65% 16,63%
2017 17,19% 19,26% 17,30% 16,95% 16,54% 15,99% 14,99% 15,20% 16,25% 15,90% 16,68% 16,55% 16,64%
2018 17,22% 19,86% 17,05% 17,09% 16,51% 14,38% 14,59% 16,20% 17,23% 16,36% 16,41% 16,47% 16,70%
2019 16,86% 19,64% 16,58% 16,60% 16,29% 15,44% 14,31% 14,05% 15,65% 16,20% 16,41% 16,19% 16,28%
2020 17,12% 20,56% 16,94% 15,76% 15,69% 15,85% 14,55% 14,80% 15,50% 16,55% 16,78% 16,27% 16,36%
2021 16,41% 16,57% 19,10% 15,76% 16,96% 18,77% 17,05% 14,55% 16,31% 17,15% 17,52% 17,20% 17,13%
2022 17,32% 21,20% 17,42% 16,69% 18,63% 17,08% 15,89% 16,09% 18,56% 19,01% 19,08% 20,15% 18,18%
2023 19,34% 23,52% 18,76% 17,90% 18,21% 16,93% 15,98% 15,83% 17,10% 18,48% 18,22% 17,76% 18,28%
2024 18,55% 23,46% 19,08% 18,34% 17,60% 18,09% 15,83% 14,01% 17,25% 18,01% 18,19% 18,60% 18,19%
2025 19,42% 23,93% 19,55% 18,93% 18,60% 17,16%

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Rai 2: info, storia e curiosità StaseraTv.it
  2. ^ Televisione
  3. ^ Arianna Ascione (2 August 2024). "Corrado Mantoni, 100 anni dalla nascita: gli inizi come attore e doppiatore, il soprannome che gli diede Totò, 7 segreti". Corriere della Sera.
  4. ^ "domenica 3 gennaio la televisione inizia in Italia il suo servizio regolare" (PDF). l'Unità. 3 January 1954. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  5. ^ "Rai Teche - Dal 1950 al 1959". Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  6. ^ "Sanremo Story - 1955". sanremo.rai. Archived from the original on 8 June 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  7. ^ "Teche Rai - Dal 1960 al 1969". Archived from the original on 11 December 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  8. ^ "Teche Rai - Dal 1970 al 1979". teche.rai. Archived from the original on 8 April 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  9. ^ Giuseppe Fedi (3 December 1975). "Finalmente le nomine dei dirigenti della Rai-tv". La Stampa. pp. 1–2.
  10. ^ "Teche Rai - Dal 1980 al 1989". Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  11. ^ "Berlusconi caps control of RAI". Variety.
  12. ^ "La notte degli Oscar". RAI Ufficio Stampa. 10 March 2024. Archived from the original on 22 July 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  13. ^ ""Safety Love", una serata per la salute e la sicurezza sul lavoro". RAI Ufficio Stampa. 13 July 2024. Archived from the original on 22 July 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  14. ^ "All'Arena di Verona la grande opera italiana patrimonio dell'umanità". RAI Ufficio Stampa. 7 June 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  15. ^ ""La nostra Raffaella"". RAI Ufficio Stampa. 25 May 2024. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  16. ^ "Stefano Accorsi è "Marconi - L'uomo che ha connesso il mondo"". RAI Ufficio Stampa. 20 May 2024. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  17. ^ "Ottimi ascolti per fiction Marconi, Ammirati: "Decisiva qualità tecnica e artistica"". RAI Ufficio Stampa. 21 May 2024. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  18. ^ ""Perché Sanremo è Sanremo"". RAI Ufficio Stampa. 21 February 2024. Archived from the original on 22 July 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  19. ^ ""Sanremo Dietro la Quinta"". RAI Ufficio Stampa. 8 June 2024. Archived from the original on 22 July 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  20. ^ Levanti, Silvia (24 July 2024). "Campagna inglese e romanticismo: la ricetta di "Un amore in Cornovaglia", stasera su Rai 1". iodonna.it. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  21. ^ ""Un amore in Cornovaglia"". RAI Ufficio Stampa. Archived from the original on 25 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  22. ^ ""Dirty dancing – (Balli proibiti)" un cult senza tempo". RAI Ufficio Stampa. 31 July 2024. Archived from the original on 13 August 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  23. ^ "Addio a Raimondo Vianello Anche il calcio piange". La Gazzetta dello Sport (in Italian). 15 April 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  24. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQwjq08tUU4 An abridgement of the epilogue
  25. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13fa7j13124 A scene from the first episode
  26. ^ "Dati Auditel".
  27. ^ "Auditel: riclassificazione degli ascolti TV e calcolo della share dei canali". Confindustria Radio TV (in Italian). 19 May 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2023.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ This film was broadcast on Rai 1 on July 24, 2024. The film title in English is "The Presence of Love" (Hallmark Channel Original Movies)
  2. ^ This film was broadcast on July 31, 2024 on Rai 1
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to RAI 1.