Wikipedia

Syrian Revolutionaries Front

Syrian Revolutionaries Front
جبهة ثوار سوريا
Leaders
  • Jamal Maarouf (overall leader, northern branch)[1]
  • Col. Afif Suleiman (Idlib commander, resigned July 2014)[2]
  • Maj. Abu Osama al-Jolani (southern branch)[3]
  • Brig. Gen. Yahya al-Abdi (63rd Southern Division)[4]
  • Capt. Abu Hamza al-Naimi † (southern branch)[5]
Dates of operation
HeadquartersQuneitra Governorate, Syria
Active regionsDaraa Governorate, Quneitra Governorate, Rif Dimashq Governorate, and Damascus Governorate, Syria[2]
IdeologyNon-ideological (overall group)[2]
Size
  • 10,000–15,000 (2014)[6]
  • 7,000 (2016)[3]
Part ofSyrian opposition Free Syrian Army
Allies
Opponents
Battles and warsSyrian Civil War

The Syrian Revolutionaries Front (Arabic: جبهة ثوار سوريا, Jabhat Thowar Suriya, SRF, also translated Syrian Rebel Front[1]) was an alliance of 14 relatively moderate religious and some secular armed groups fighting under the banner of the Free Syrian Army, formed in December 2013, thus according to Arutz Sheva (an Israeli media network) further sidelining the FSA and its leadership Supreme Military Council.[16] It was established as a response to the merger of Islamist Syrian rebels into the Islamic Front.[16]

History

[edit]

Northern branch

[edit]

In December 2013, following initial clashes, the Islamic Front and the Syrian Revolutionaries Front agreed to reconcile.[17] The coalition was spearheaded by Jamal Maarouf, head of the Syrian Martyrs' Brigades, largest member group of the SRF based in Jabal Zawiya, Idlib Governorate.[18] The group has supported the Geneva II Middle East peace conference that is aimed at resolving the Syrian civil war.[18] The group received financial support from Saudi Arabia, while the United States has reportedly given the group only non-lethal aid like food, medicine and blankets, in part due to concerns over its involvement in smuggling and extortion.[19]

100 members of the SRF's Wolves of al-Ghab Brigade were killed in clashes with al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front near Jisr al-Shughur on 16 July 2014.[20]

In late October 2014 clashes erupted again between the SRF and al-Nusra in the Jabal al-Zawiya region of Idlib, over the following days, dozens of SRF fighters defected to Nusra and the group lost control of numerous villages as they withdrew their forces from the region.[21] Maarouf and some of his followers relocated to Turkey, however around half of his men in the region remained behind and accepted the change of control rather than fight.[19]

On 5 May 2015, some of the former members of the Hazzm Movement, the Syria Revolutionaries Front based in the north, Jabhat al-Akrad, the Dawn of Freedom Brigades and smaller FSA groups formed the Army of Revolutionaries.[22][23] Many of their northern members also dissolved into the Levant Front.

During the Turkish military intervention in Syria which started in late August 2016, some members of the Syrian Revolutionaries Front and the Hazm Movement in exile from Turkey crossed into Syria through Jarabulus.[24]

Northern groups (now defunct)

[edit]

Southern branch

[edit]

The group is currently only active in southern Syria, as a member of a Southern Front group, and previously part of the First Army of the Southern Front. On 2 March 2016, a car bomb explosion targeted the SRF headquarters in Quneitra and killed its commander Captain Abu Hamza al-Naimi and 4 other field commanders.[5] Some time in 2016, the SRF's branch in Jubata al-Khashab split into 3 factions. The local SRF commander in the area also defected to the Golan Regiment.[32]

On 6 April 2017, clashes erupted between the SRF and Jabhat Ansar al-Islam in the northern Quneitra countryside, which resulted in 7 rebels being killed. Government forces shelled the area on the same day, which resulted in a ceasefire between the two rebel groups.[33]

On 31 July 2017, 5 SRF groups in Daraa and Quneitra merged into the 1st Infantry Division and established a unified command structure for the SRF.[34]

Southern groups

[edit]
  • 63rd Southern Division[4]
    • Dawn of the Levant Union
    • Abu Dujana Brigades
    • Jafar al-Tayyar Brigade
    • Lions of Mercy Brigade
    • Free Yarmouk Brigade
    • Hazm Brigade
    • Mercy Brigade
    • Southern Martyrs Brigade
    • Martyr Abdul Rahim Samour Brigade
    • Special Tasks Brigade
  • Coming Victory Brigade
  • 7th Division
  • Riyad al-Salehin Battalions of Damascus
  • Special Assignments Regiment of Damascus
    • Armenian Battalion[35]
  • Helpers Brigades
  • Southern Swords Division[36]
  • Martyr Captain Abu Hamza al-Naimi Union
Former
[edit]
  • Omari Brigades
  • All 5 groups left to form the 1st Imfantry Division[34]
    • 1st Infantry Gathering
    • Gathering of Righteousness[37]
    • Union of the Unity of the Nation
    • Saladin Brigades
    • Tank Brigade

Israeli cooperation

[edit]

A 2018 investigation by The Intercept, which gathered information from senior Southern Front commanders and Syrian activist sources, confirmed that Jaysh al-Ababil was among several factions receiving covert Israeli aid alongside others such as Saif al-Sham Brigade and Jaydour Horan Brigade.[38] According to a 2018 investigation by Foreign Policy, Israel supported at least 12 rebel groups by providing them with humanitarian aid, medical treatments, logistical support and military transfers which included assault rifles, machine guns, mortar launchers and transport vehicles. Israel also transferred cash in the form of salaries of $75 per fighter, alongside additional funds for procuring weapons locally.[39]

A 2018 investigation by The Intercept, which gathered information from senior Southern Front commanders and Syrian activist sources, confirmed that Jaydour Horan Brigade, which is part of the Syrian Revolutionaries Front was among several factions receiving covert Israeli aid alongside others such as Saif al-Sham Brigade and Jaysh al-Ababil. Reportedly, in late July 2017, a small group of Israeli military and intelligence personnel, traveling in ambulances, made a tour of the west Daraa countryside and met with commanders from Jaydour Horan Brigade and Jaysh al-Ababil. Another meeting then took place in September 2017 in the Quneitra border town of Rafid, where local council leaders, doctors, and militia commanders — including those from Jaydour Horan Brigade, Fursan al-Joulan, and the Syrian Revolutionaries Front — met with an Israeli representative to discuss further cooperation.[38] According to a 2018 investigation by Foreign Policy, Israel supported at least 12 rebel groups by providing them with humanitarian aid, medical treatments, logistical support and military transfers which included assault rifles, machine guns, mortar launchers and transport vehicles. Israel also transferred cash in the form of salaries of $75 per fighter.[40]

Throughout those meetings Israel tried to forn the Southern Army in southern Syria, which included a group of opposition factions in the region. At that time, it was agreed that the army would include the Syrian Revolutionaries Front, Jabhat Ansar al-Islam, Fursan al-Joulan, and other factions operating in the area. However, in July 2018, as part of another attempt by Israel to establish the Southern Army, a military source in one of the factions that agreed to join the Southern Army told Al-Quds Al-Arabi that the Syrian Revolutionaries Front, Ahrar al-Sham and Al-Nusra Front rejected joining the Southern Army, while some members of the latter agreed to remain in the disengagement zone near the border with the Israeli-occupied Syrian Golan.[41]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "FSA alliance pushes back against Islamic Front". The Daily Star. 17 December 2013. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d Lund, Aron (13 December 2013). "The Syria Revolutionaries' Front". Carnegie Middle East Center. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  3. ^ a b David Ignatius (19 March 2016). "As the Syrian cease-fire holds, signs of progress against extremists". The Washington Post.
  4. ^ a b "Military factions announce the formation of the 63rd Division of Quneitra countryside declaring its objectives". Al-Dorar al-Shamia. 17 August 2017.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ a b "Syria Revolutionaries Front Commander Killed in Car Bomb Attack on Quneitra Base". Syria Observer/Enab Baladi. 3 March 2016.
  6. ^ "Al Qaida rebels leave mass grave behind as they desert base in Syria". McClatchy. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  7. ^ "Does the "Southern Front" Exist?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 2025-05-17.
  8. ^ "A new military alliance in the Syrian south, what does it consist of?". Al-Dorar al-Shamia. 16 August 2017. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  9. ^ a b "Jabhat al-Nusra, IS clash in Daraa". Al Monitor. 16 December 2014. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  10. ^ "Aleppo: Syria's Stalingrad?". National Interest. 22 April 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  11. ^ "Syria rebels unite and launch new revolt, against jihadists". AFP. 4 January 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  12. ^ "Al Qaeda seizes territory from moderate Syrian group". Reuters. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  13. ^ "New Syria rebel alliance declares war on Al Qaida". AFP. 4 January 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  14. ^ "Reinforcements rush to Aleppo as battles rage". The Daily Star. 9 July 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  15. ^ "Al-Qaeda defeats Syrian moderate rebels in Idlib". ARA News. 2 November 2014. Archived from the original on November 2, 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  16. ^ a b "Syria: New Rebel Alliance to Rival Islamists". Arutz Sheva. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  17. ^ "FSA, Islamist factions pledge to reconcile". The Daily Star. 18 December 2013. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  18. ^ a b "Syrian rebels try to agree peace talks stance in Turkey". Reuters. 18 January 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  19. ^ a b "The rise and ugly fall of a moderate Syrian rebel offers lessons for the West". Washington Post. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  20. ^ "After ISIL, Jabhat al-Nusra announces Islamic Emirate in Syria". ARA News. 22 July 2014. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  21. ^ "Al Qaeda group seizes bastion of Western-backed rebels in Syria's Idlib region". Reuters. 1 November 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  22. ^ "#Syria: Seven FSA groups (incl. Jabhat Akrad, Shams Shamal & Homs Revolutionary Union) form "The Revolutionary Army"". Twitter.
  23. ^ "#SRO - EXCLUSIVE - Former Hazzm and #SRF forces allied with kurds and some #FSA small units to create Jaysh al-Thuwar (in 4 governorates)". Twitter.
  24. ^ "Threatens to exit "Arab factions" him: repercussions Turkish intervention shake Syria's alliance forces of democracy east of the Euphrates". Al-Quds al-Arabi. 3 September 2016.
  25. ^ "Renewed clashes between the "martyrs of Idlib" and "victory" Brief Idlib". Zaman al-Wasl. 14 September 2014.
  26. ^ "Armed factions in the "Idlib" announces the formation of "rescue Syria Front"". Egypt Independent. 29 May 2014.
  27. ^ Mohammed Elnaiem (7 February 2018). "Whose Free Syrian Army? The Arab opposition resisting Turkey's Afrin attacks". The Region. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  28. ^ "Military Council Leaders Resign". Syrian Observer. 16 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  29. ^ "Brigade Khalid bin Walid withdraw from Syria Revolutionaries Front". Now News. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  30. ^ ""Komala" declares joining the Syrian rebel front". Zaman al-Wasl. 5 April 2014.
  31. ^ "The withdrawal of the Syrian Kurdish Revolutionary Council from the Syrian rebel front". El-Dorar al-Shamia. 16 October 2014.
  32. ^ Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (3 July 2017). Jonathan Spyer (ed.). "Arab Media: Israeli Bombardment Killed, Wounded Targets inside Syria". Rubin Center. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  33. ^ "Dead and wounded in clashes between two factions revolutionists north of Quneitra". All4Syria. 7 April 2017.
  34. ^ a b "SYRIAN REVOLUTIONARY FRONT ANNOUNCES NEW STRUCTURE AND FORMATION OF 1ST INFANTRY DIVISION". Syria's Tomorrow. 31 July 2017.
  35. ^ Jawad al-Arbeni (23 March 2014). "Armenian Christian Battalion". Al Aan TV.
  36. ^ احمد الجولاني (5 June 2016). "مميز// تشكيل فرقة سيف الجنوب في المنطقة الجنوبية بسوريا 5/6/2016" – via YouTube.
  37. ^ Szakola, Albin. "FSA factions reorganizing in southern Syria". Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  38. ^ a b "Israel's "Safe Zone" Is Creeping Farther Into Syria". The Intercept. 23 January 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
  39. ^ "Inside Israel's Secret Program to Back Syrian Rebels". Foreign Policy. 6 September 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
  40. ^ "Inside Israel's Secret Program to Back Syrian Rebels". Foreign Policy. 6 September 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
  41. ^ "إسرائيل تشكل «جيش الجنوب» في منطقة فض الاشتباك في القنيطرة". Al-Quds Al-Arabi. 21 July 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2015.