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Basic usage
[edit]This template formats a linguistic interlinear glossed text:
{{interlinear
|Nginda-rni ngaja-mi jurliji-rdarra diyim ka-rdu
|DEM(M)-FOC see-IRR bird-PL fly 3SG-go
|'Look at all the birds flying!'}}
Nginda-rni
DEM(M)-FOC
ngaja-mi
see-IRR
jurliji-rdarra
bird-PL
diyim
fly
ka-rdu
3SG-go
'Look at all the birds flying!'
Important: On lines to be interlinearised, any wiki markup or templates should never span word boundaries. Мarkup or templates that apply to a sequence of words must be repeated for each word: (It is also possible to apply formatting to an entire line, see below)
{{interlinear
|Te ni-ke '''koo''' '''te̱e''' '''ún'''
|And past-arrived PL man he
|"The men arrived"}}
Te
And
ni-ke
past-arrived
koo
PL
te̱e
man
ún
he
"The men arrived"
The characters <, > and = should not be used directly. They can be substituted as follows:
| Character | Substitute |
|---|---|
| < | < |
| > | > |
| = | {{=}} |
To let a multi-word expression be treated as a single word, surround it in {curly brackets}. Similarly, use {} for an empty word:[1]
{{interlinear
|Dit is een voorbeeldje in het Nederlands
|This is a {little example} in {} Dutch.|}}
Dit
This
is
is
een
a
voorbeeldje
little example
in
in
het
Nederlands
Dutch.
The template can be invoked with any number of unnamed parameters, which are interpreted as lines of text. If there is only one unnamed parameter, then it will be rendered in-line and treated as a gloss line: {{interlinear|house-ATTR master-ABS}} gives: house-ATTR master-ABS. If there are more than one, then all will be interlinearised except the last one, which is assumed to be the free translation. To force the interlinearisation of all lines, supply an empty last unnamed parameter:
{{interlinear
|Ù-dììny Juáàny bèʔcw.
|COMPL-hit Juan dog|}}
Ù-dììny
COMPL-hit
Juáàny
Juan
bèʔcw.
dog
Layout
[edit]A line of text to be displayed above the interlinear block is given using |top=, one to be displayed immediately below the free translation is set using |bottom=. If any of these need to contain more than a singe line, then line breaks can be introduced using {{br}}.
Example numbering can be set using |number=. The parameter consists of one or more characters to be displayed in the left margin.
{{interlinear|number=(15a)|top=Potential mood: {{br}} ''Kʼetʼuq ɣˤay ħaƛułxo.''
|kʼetʼu-q ɣˤay ħaƛu-'''ł'''-xo
|cat-POSS:ESS milk:ABS drink-'''POT'''-PRS
|"The cat can drink milk."}}
Kʼetʼuq ɣˤay ħaƛułxo.
kʼetʼu-q
cat-POSS:ESS
ɣˤay
milk:ABS
ħaƛu-ł-xo
drink-POT-PRS
"The cat can drink milk."
The indentation of the interlinear block (measured in ems) can be modified using |indent=.
Currently, the default value is 3 if |number= is set, and 0 otherwise. This behaviour is set to change: the next version of the template will apply indentation by default.
The spacing between consecutive word stacks can be adjusted using |spacing=; it is measured in ems and its default value is 1.
To visually set off the interlinear display from surrounding text, the |box=yes parameter can be used. It surrounds the whole interlinear text in a box with a wikitable-like background colour.
{{interlinear|lang=jig|spacing = 3| box = yes
|Nyama-baji imimikin-bili-rni-rni ardalakbi-wurru-ju
|DEM-PL old.woman-ANIM.DU-F-ERG hot-3PL-do
|'The two old women feel hot.'}}
Nyama-baji
DEM-PL
imimikin-bili-rni-rni
old.woman-ANIM.DU-F-ERG
ardalakbi-wurru-ju
hot-3PL-do
'The two old women feel hot.'
To add a comment after a given line, use |cN= (where N is the sequence of the line: the content of |c1= will be appended at the end of first line, |c2= – at the end of the second line etc.):
{{interlinear
|Shte da e vidiyal
|FUT COMPL AUX see.PTC.M.SG
|'He must have seen it.'
|c1 = (rare in spoken usage)}}
Shte
FUT
da
COMPL
e
AUX
vidiyal
see.PTC.M.SG
(rare in spoken usage)
'He must have seen it.'
Line formatting
[edit]Formatting can be set for an entire line using the |styleN= parameter, which applies CSS style properties[2] to line N (|style1= for the first line, |style2= for the second one, etc):
{{interlinear|style1 = font-size:120%|style2 = color:DarkMagenta;
|Įxę̀ę eya ı̨-lè
|yesterday sick/painful PFV.3.SBJ-COP.PFV
|'Yesterday he was sick.'}}
Įxę̀ę
yesterday
eya
sick/painful
ı̨-lè
PFV.3.SBJ-COP.PFV
'Yesterday he was sick.'
Similarly, CSS classes[3] can be specified for line N using |classN=. Classes should be given without any quotation marks.
Italics are by default applied to the first line, unless disabled by |italics1=no. Any line can be italicised using |italicsN=yes (where N is the number of the line). On italicised lines, tone numbers[4] will be formatted as superscripts, unless |tone-superscripting= is set to no. To turn off italics for a particular word within an italicised line, use {{noitalic}}.
To specify the language of a given line, you can use |langN= (with N being 1 for the first line, 2 for the second one etc.).[5] The parameter should be the ISO code of the language, as in the familiar Template:Lang. If the unnumbered |lang= is given, then it is applied to the first line. If line N employs IPA, then the effect of Template:IPA can be mimicked by setting |ipaN=yes.[6] If transliteration has been used, then the transliteration scheme can be specified with the |translN= parameter (similarly to Template:Transliteration).
Glossing abbreviations
[edit]Linguistic glosses typically abbreviate grammatical category labels, like this: ACC, instead of the full name 'accusative'. The line containing such glosses is specified using |glossingN=yes (where N is the number of the line within the interlinear text). If no line is specified, then it is assumed such glosses are found in the second line (this can be bypassed with |glossing2=no). Within the lines so specified, any sequence of upper case letters will be interpreted as a grammar gloss and formatted in small caps.
Additionally, the template will attempt to recognise the meaning of each abbreviation by looking it up in several places (more details below), and if the abbreviation is found, it will be formatted with a dotted underline and the "label" of this abbreviation will be displayed in a tooltip, like this: DAT. Alternatively, the abbreviation can be turned into a link to the wikipedia article about the corresponding grammatical category, like this: DAT. To choose the latter behaviour, use the following parameter: |glossing=link. It is possible for separate lines to employ different styles, in this case the parameters used will be |glossing2=, |glossing3=, etc.
If a particular glossing abbreviation is to be treated differently from the rest, then {{gcl}} can be used:
{{interlinear|ngagun-yi nga-nanda-yi nung
|{{gcl|1sg}}.NOM-{{gcl|ERG||}} {{gcl|1sgA|1st-person singular "agent"}}.3sgO-see-{{gcl|'''P'''ST}} {{gcl|3sg}}.{{gcl|acc}}
|'I saw him/her.'}}
In this example, {{gcl|acc}} marks up acc as a glossing abbreviation (it wouldn't have otherwise been interpreted as such because it is lower-case). {{gcl|1sgA|1st-person singular "agent"}} is used to define the meaning of the unusual abbreviation 1sgA, which wouldn't be recognised even in upper case. {{gcl|ERG||}} displays the abbreviation as a link to the Wikipedia article. {{gcl|'''P'''ST}} applies formatting to a part of a glossing abbreviation; if {{gcl}} weren't used here then the wikimarkup would have forced P to be treated as a separate abbreviation from ST.
If the grammatical category labels are not abbreviated but written out in full (like that: ACCUSATIVE) then |glossing= should be set to no abbr, which will only apply small-caps formatting:
{{interlinear|glossing=no abbr
|wǒ yǐjing jiàn-guò {Zhāng Sān} le.
|I already see-EXPERIENTIAL {Zhang San} RESULTATIVE.|}}
wǒ
I
yǐjing
already
jiàn-guò
see-EXPERIENTIAL
Zhāng Sān
Zhang San
le.
RESULTATIVE.
Additional style[2] parameters can be applied to all gloss abbreviations using |glossing-style=. The default formatting using small caps can be disabled with |small-caps=no, and the default underlining can be turned off using |underline=no. To exempt a particular abbreviation from being treated as a grammatical gloss, use {{no gloss}}.
The pesky boxes with glossing messages that are shown in preview mode can be turned off with |display-messages=no.
Custom abbreviations
[edit]The template recognises some of the most commonly used abbreviations. However, it is recommended to always specify the meaning of each abbreviation used. There are several ways to do that:
- Defining at the article level. If an article uses a number of interlinearised examples and they share a set of abbreviations, then these can be defined once for the whole article using the following format:
<section begin="list-of-glossing-abbreviations"/><div style="display:none;"> ABBR1:meaning1 ABBR2:meaning2</div><section end="list-of-glossing-abbreviations"/>
The list can contain any number of abbreviations; if a wikipedia article needs to be specified, it is added after a colon, for example: NEG:negator:Negation (linguistics). This whole code can be placed anywhere in the article, but it is customary to put it at the end, after the references but before any categories. It is visible only in edit mode, it is not displayed in the article.
- Defining at the level of a single instance of the template. This is done using
|abbreviations=(or|ablist=). The list of custom abbreviations takes the same format as above:ABBREVIATION1:meaning1:wikipedia_article1; ABBREVIATION2:meaning2:wikipedia_article2... (specifying a Wikipedia article is optional and has no effect unless|glossing=link):
{{interlinear|abbreviations=RES:resultative; EXP:experiential aspect
|wǒ yǐjing jiàn-guò {Zhāng Sān} le.
|I already see-EXP {Zhang San} RES.|}}
wǒ
I
yǐjing
already
jiàn-guò
see-EXP
Zhāng Sān
Zhang San
le.
RES.
- Defining a single instance of an abbreviation. This is done using {{gcl}}, as seen above
- Defining an abbreviation globally. This is done by the addition of an entry to the module's data page. The abbreviation will be recognised by any use of the templates, anywhere on the English wikipedia. This should be done only for completely unambiguous abbreviations.
Troubleshooting
[edit]This is a list of problems that are likely to be encountered:
- One of the lines went missing.
- Does this line contain anywhere an equals sign? If yes, then all instances of the equals sign should be replaced with
{{=}}.
- Does this line contain anywhere an equals sign? If yes, then all instances of the equals sign should be replaced with
- I've applied bolding/italics to a phrase and now the formatting is all over the place.
- Any formatting should be applied separately to each word.
- I receive the error "Mismatch in the number of words".
- Interlinearised lines don't contain the same number of words. If this is intended, then consider filling the empty slots with
{}. If this is not intended, then the following points might help track down the cause:- if formatting or a template is applied to a piece of text then this text is treated as a single word:
- non-breaking spaces are not treated as word separators;
- if a sequence of words is enclosed in {curly brackets} then it's treated as a single word.
- Interlinearised lines don't contain the same number of words. If this is intended, then consider filling the empty slots with
- I receive the error "Unknown glossing abbreviation(s)".
- See above for details, but in short:
- If this was not intended as a glossing abbreviation, enclose it in {{no gloss}}.
- To set the meaning of one instance of a glossing abbreviation, format that instance with {{gcl}}, for example
{{gcl|PF|perfective aspect}}. - If the abbreviation occurs several times within the same example then it might be easier to use the
|abbreviations=parameter, for example:|abbreviations=PF:perfective aspect.
- See above for details, but in short:
Tracking categories
[edit]- Category:Pages using interlinear with unknown parameters (18)
- Category:Pages with interlinear glosses using two unnamed parameters (121)
- Category:Pages with interlinear glosses using more than three unnamed parameters (208)
- Category:Pages with errors in interlinear text (73)
- Category:Articles with ambiguous glossing abbreviations (250)
Notes
[edit]- ^ An alternative in each case is to use a non-breaking space: the example sentence would then be: This is a little example in Dutch.
- ^ a b See https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_styles.asp, with the caveat that not all html features are available in wikitext, see Help:HTML in wikitext.
- ^ See WP:CLASS for a list of available classes. See also Help:User style for setting up customised display of classes.
- ^ Any single digit following an alphabetical character is treated as a tone number.
- ^ At this stage, the resulting behaviour does not necessarily match that of the {{lang}} template/s.
- ^ This only applies the IPA CSS class.
See also
[edit]- {{Script interlinear}}, makes it easier to set up glosses with separate lines for non-Latin scripts and transliterations
- {{Grammatical category label}}, formats individual glossing abbreviations
TemplateData
[edit]TemplateData for Interlinear
| Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First line of interlinear text | 1 | It is italicised by default (unless the parameter "italics1" is set to "no"). | String | required |
| Second line of interlinear text | 2 | By default, this is expected to contain the glosses. If there are any glossing abbreviations, they will be expanded (unless the parameter "glossing2" is set to "no"). | String | suggested |
| Third line of text | 3 | If it is the last line, it is assumed to be the translation and so will not be interlinearised. To force the last line to be interlinearised, then add a new, empty, line after it. | String | suggested |
| Fourth line of text. | 4 | String | optional | |
| Fifth line of text | 5 | String | optional | |
| Language of the text | lang | ISO 639 code of the language. | String | optional |
| indent | indent | Indentation amount, in units of em. | Number | optional |
| Italicize line 1 | italics1 | Whether to italicize |1= | Boolean | optional |
| Italicize line 2 | italics2 | Whether to italicize |2= | Boolean | optional |
| Italicize line 3 | italics3 | Whether to italicize |3= | Boolean | optional |
| CSS class for |1= | class1 | String | optional | |
| CSS class for |2= | class2 | String | optional | |
| CSS class for |3= | class3 | String | optional | |
| lang1 | lang1 | Language code for |1= | String | optional |
| lang2 | lang2 | Language code for |2= | String | optional |
| lang3 | lang3 | Language code for |3= | String | optional |
| Line 1 is IPA | ipa1 | Whether |1= is IPA | Boolean | optional |
| Line 2 is IPA | ipa2 | Whether |2= is IPA | Boolean | optional |
| Line 3 is IPA | ipa3 | Whether |3= is IPA | Boolean | optional |
| Line 1 is transliteration | transl1 | Whether |1= is transliteration | Boolean | optional |
| Line 2 is transliteration | transl2 | Whether |2= is transliteration | Boolean | optional |
| Line 3 is transliteration | transl3 | Whether |3= is transliteration | Boolean | optional |
| Line 1 is glossing | glossing1 | Whether |1= is gloss | Boolean | optional |
| Line 2 is glossing | glossing2 | Whether |2= is gloss | Boolean | optional |
| Line 3 is glossing | glossing3 | Whether |3= is gloss | Boolean | optional |
| CSS style for glossing abbreviations | glossing-style | String | optional | |
| Text to place on top | top | Content | optional | |
| Text to place on bottom | bottom | Content | optional | |
| Example number | number |
| String | optional |
| spacing | spacing | spacing between consecutive word stacks, set in em
| Number | optional |
| box | box | Whether to add a box border | Boolean | optional |
| Comment after line 1 | c1 | Content | optional | |
| Comment after line 2 | c2 | Content | optional | |
| Comment after line 3 | c3 | Content | optional | |
| Tone superscripting | tone-superscripting | Whether to format tone numbers as superscripts on italicized lines | Boolean | optional |
| Glossing display behavior | glossing | Glossing behavior. "link" to create links to articles. "no abbr" to turn off attempts at translating of abbreviations. These parameters can also apply individually in glossing1/2/3.
| String | optional |
| Use small capitals for glossing abbreviations | small-caps |
| Boolean | optional |
| Underline glossing abbreviations | underline |
| Boolean | optional |
| Display glossing-related messages in preview | display-messages |
| Boolean | optional |
| Custom abbreviations | abbreviationsablist | Content | optional | |