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Sajid Farid Shapoo is an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer and a security studies scholar who serves as Additional Director General of Police in Madhya Pradesh, India.[1][2] He is known for his work on counterterrorism and insurgency, particularly during his tenure with India’s National Investigation Agency (NIA), and for his academic research on Salafi Jihadist Ideology, Nuclear Strategy and Security, Political Islam and Political Violence in South Asia.[3][4][5][6]
Education
[edit]Shapoo completed his Bachelor of Arts in economics at the University of Jammu, India, in 1995, and later joined the Indian Police Service.[7] After more than a decade of policing and counterterrorism work, he pursued graduate studies in the United States, earning a Master of International Affairs in International Security Policy from Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs in 2017, and subsequently completing a Ph.D. in Public Policy (security studies) at Princeton University.[7] His doctoral work at Princeton examined how the interpretation of religious doctrines by ideologically similar jihadist groups leads to variation in their patterns of political violence.[8] [7][9]
Police career
[edit]Shapoo is a 1998-batch IPS officer of the Madhya Pradesh cadre.[10] As Superintendent of Police in several districts of Madhya Pradesh, he was involved in law and order management, anti dacoity operations, crime control, including initiatives targeting caste violence and the rehabilitation of armed bandits.[11][12] He was instrumental in eradicating dacoity menace in the Gwalior Chambal region, for which he was honored by both the state and federal government.[13][14][15]
In 2009 he was one of the first officers chosen to serve in the newly created National Investigation Agency, India's premier counterterrorism investigation agency formed in the aftermath of Mumbai terror attacks of 26th November, 2008.[10] At the NIA he worked on investigations related to major terrorist attacks and networks, and later served in more senior roles overseeing intelligence and investigations.[2][16] He was part of a three-member NIA team chosen to interrogate David Headley in the United States in connection with the 2008 Mumbai attacks.[17][18][19]
After his tenure with the NIA, Shapoo returned to state policing and has held senior posts including Inspector General of Police and Additional Director General of Police in Madhya Pradesh, with responsibilities for the Special Armed Forces, law and order, and counterinsurgency operations against Maoist groups.[20][21][22] He has also served on national committees dealing with conflict prevention, deradicalization, and countering violent extremism, and has participated in bilateral dialogues with Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iraq, and Gulf states on joint counterterrorism mechanisms.[23][24]
Academic career
[edit]Alongside his policing career, Shapoo has developed a robust academic profile as a scholar-practitioner in security studies.[1] He has taught courses on terrorism and counterterrorism, politics of modern Islam, and nuclear security at New York University, the City University of New York’s John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and Columbia University’s School of Professional Studies.[25][26][27] Shapoo was involved in designing and directing Crisis Simulations and Grand Strategy Simulations at Princeton University for undergraduate, ROTC cadets and graduate students from various universities in the USA.[28]
He has been associated with several research institutions such as Centre for International Security Studies (CISS) where he was a Graduate Fellow, Princeton Institute of International and Regional Studies (PIIRS) as a Grad Fellow and The Soufan Center, where as a Research Fellow, he co-authored a report on Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS).[4][5][29]
Research and publications
[edit]Shapoo’s research covers counterinsurgency, jihadist ideologies, political violence, political Islam, nuclear strategy, India-China relations[30] and security in the Middle East and South Asia.[31][32][33] His peer-reviewed work encompasses questions related to justification of jihad in contemporary India,[34] nuclear security frameworks in South Asia,[35] evaluating anti-Maoist COIN strategies in India,[36][37] the impact of Boer War on Indian freedom struggle,[38] the understanding of Tawhid by classical Sufis[39] and evolution of Modern Salafism.[40]
He is also the co-author, with Colin P. Clarke, of the report Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent: The Nucleus of Jihad in South Asia, published by the Soufan Center in 2019, which analyses AQIS’s strategy, recruitment, and regional impact.[4]
In addition to research articles, Shapoo has authored book-chapters, oped pieces[41] and long format policy pieces.[42] He is a regular contributor to Indian and international media on geopolitical and security issues.[41][43][44]
Selected works
[edit]- Shapoo, Sajid Farid. 2025. “The Question of Muslim Defense: Millat Ke Difāʿ Kā Masʾala and the Framing of Jihād in Contemporary India.” Politics, Religion & Ideology, August 1–24. doi:10.1080/21567689.2025.2548395.[34]
- Shapoo, Sajid Farid. 2025. “Fragile Safeguards: Insider Threats, Jihadist Intent, and the Vulnerabilities of Pakistan’s Nuclear Security.” Defense & Security Analysis, June 1–21. doi:10.1080/14751798.2025.2506848.[35]
- Shapoo Sajid Farid. From Support to Satyagraha: The Transformative Impact of Boer War on Gandhi and Indian Freedom Struggle. Journal of Asian and African Studies. (2024): 00219096241249984. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096241249984
- Shapoo, Sajid. 2025. “Roots of Diversity: Re-Examining Proto-Salafi Movements and the Foundations of Modern Salafism”. Journal of the Contemporary Study of Islam 5 (1), 153-94. https://doi.org/10.37264/jcsi.v5i1.05
- Shapoo, Sajid F. “Enticing the Maoist Guerrilla–India’s COIN strategy and evolving surrender and rehabilitation policy.” Journal of South Asian Studies 7, no. 3 (2019): 95-109.[45]
- Shapoo, Sajid. “The Understanding of Tawhid in Sufi Classical Period.” Journal Qalbu June (2018): 214-240.
- Al Qaeda in Indian Subcontinent: The Nucleus of Jihad in South Asia.” With Colin Clarke. The Soufan Center, January (2019)[46]
- Salafi Jihadism-An Ideological Misnomer”. Small Wars Journal.[47]
- Red Salute-India’s Maoist Maelstrom and Evolving Counterinsurgency Doctrines. Small Wars Journal. Journal Article July 08, 2016.[48]
Honours and recognition
[edit]According to institutional and academic profiles, Shapoo has received several honours from the Government of India and state authorities for his policing and counterterrorism work, including two gallantry medals and a meritorious service medals from President of India.[49]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "sshapoo". Princeton School of Public and International Affairs.
- ^ a b Reporter, Staff (21 November 2024). "Sajid Farid Shapoo Joins As Chief Vigilance Officer Of BEML Ltd - Defence News Defence Blog, Defence Aerospace News".
- ^ "MP IPS officer to be part of NIA". India Today. New Delhi. 14 February 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2025.
- ^ a b c Shapoo, Sajid Farid; Clarke, Colin P. (23 January 2019). Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent: The Nucleus of Jihad in South Asia (PDF) (Report). The Soufan Center. Retrieved 27 November 2025.
- ^ a b "CISS Fellow Sajid Shapoo Publishes New Research | Center for International Security Studies". ciss.princeton.edu.
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid (16 August 2019). "Understanding Perception Dissonance in South Asia's Strategic Environment". South Asian Voices.
- ^ a b c "Sajid Shapoo". Princeton School of Public and International Affairs. Retrieved 27 November 2025.
- ^ "Verification Required - Princeton University Library". dataspace.princeton.edu.
- ^ "Sajid Farid Shapoo". Academia.edu. Retrieved 27 November 2025.
- ^ a b "MP IPS officer to be part of NIA". India Today. 14 February 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2025.
- ^ "Surrender of Bandit Queen, Part II". The Telegraph (India).
- ^ "Kill a dacoit, get a promotion". The Times of India. 19 October 2008.
- ^ "Dacoit chieftain Rambabu Gadaria slain in encounter". Oneindia. 17 April 2007.
- ^ "3 dacoits shot dead". Oneindia. 17 March 2007.
- ^ Phaneuf, Jeff (13 January 2023). "Misguided Citizens: India's Approach to Counterinsurgency - Modern War Institute". mwi.westpoint.edu.
- ^ "Dr. Sajid Farid Shapoo Takes Charge as Chief Vigilance Officer of BEML". Elets eGov. 22 November 2024.
- ^ "NIA three-member squad chosen to grill Headley is a mix of youth and experience". The Siasat Daily. 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2025.
- ^ "'Without ISI, The Mumbai Attack Would Not Have Been Possible'". Outlook India. 6 January 2012.
- ^ "Home ministry refuses CBI access to NIA officials who quizzed Headley". The Times of India. 5 September 2013.
- ^ "Wards of SAF personnel felicitated". The Pioneer.
- ^ Noronha, Rahul (19 January 2022). "Why Madhya Pradesh plans to set up an all-tribal anti-Naxal force". India Today.
- ^ "Two Naxals carrying reward of Rs 43 lakhs gunned down in MP". ThePrint. 30 November 2022.
- ^ "India's NIA investigators meeting at Police Headquarters in Dhaka". India’s NIA investigators meeting at Police Headquarters in Dhaka.
- ^ "NIA hands over list of suspects". The Daily Star. 18 November 2014.
- ^ "Terrorism". as.nyu.edu.
- ^ "Sajid Shapoo at John Jay College of Criminal Justice | Rate My Professors". www.ratemyprofessors.com.
- ^ "Peqod :: Sajid F Shapoo - Columbia University Catalog of Classes". peqod.com.
- ^ "CISS Fall 2019 Crisis Simulation: Gulf on the Brink". Princeton School of Public and International Affairs.
- ^ "Graduate Fellows Program | Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies". piirs.princeton.edu.
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid. "The China-India Standoff and the Myth of a New Cold War". thediplomat.com.
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid (22 October 2025). "Saudi–Pakistan Pact and the Limits of Extended Deterrence". Countercurrents.
- ^ "2020-2021 Fellows | Center for International Security Studies". ciss.princeton.edu.
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid Farid (24 February 2024). "The China factor in the Red Sea". The Indian Express.
- ^ a b Shapoo, Sajid Farid (3 April 2025). "The question of Muslim defense: Millat ke Difāʿ kā Masʾala and the framing of Jihād in contemporary India". Politics, Religion & Ideology. pp. 255–278. doi:10.1080/21567689.2025.2548395.
- ^ a b Shapoo, Sajid Farid (3 July 2025). "Fragile safeguards: insider threats, jihadist intent, and the vulnerabilities of Pakistan's nuclear security". Defense & Security Analysis. pp. 504–524. doi:10.1080/14751798.2025.2506848.
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid Farid. "Enticing the Maoist Guerrilla – India's Coin Strategy and Evolving Surrender and Rehabilitation Policy". Journal of South Asian Studies. doi:10.33687/JSAS.007.03.2959.
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid Farid. "Red Salute: India's Maoist Maelstrom and Evolving Counterinsurgency Doctrines | Small Wars Journal". archive.smallwarsjournal.com.
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid Farid (1 November 2025). "From Support to Satyagraha: The Transformative Impact of Boer War on Gandhi and the Indian Freedom Struggle". Journal of Asian and African Studies. pp. 4355–4367. doi:10.1177/00219096241249984.
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid F. "The Understanding of Tawhid in Sufi Classical Period". Qalbu Jurnal.
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid (20 January 2025). "Roots of Diversity:". Journal of the Contemporary Study of Islam. pp. 153–194. doi:10.37264/jcsi.v5i1.05.
- ^ a b "Read All The Stories Written by Sajid Farid Shapoo". The Indian Express. 23 March 2019.
- ^ Shapoo; et al. "Checkmating Russia's Assertiveness in Eastern Europe" (PDF). sipa.columbia.edu.
- ^ "Search – The Diplomat". thediplomat.com.
- ^ "Sajid Farid Shapoo". The National Interest. 18 April 2022.
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid F. (23 April 2019). "Enticing the Maoist Guerrilla – India's Coin Strategy and Evolving Surrender and Rehabilitation Policy". Journal of South Asian Studies.
- ^ Sajid, Shapoo. "AQIS" (PDF).
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid Farid. "Salafi Jihadism: An Ideological Misnomer".
- ^ Shapoo, Sajid Farid. "Red Salute: India's Maoist Maelstrom and Evolving Counterinsurgency Doctrines | Small Wars Journal". smallwarsjournal.com.
- ^ "sshapoo". Princeton School of Public and International Affairs.
Category:Living people Category:Indian police officers Category:Indian civil servants Category:Indian political scientists Category:Indian writers Category:Princeton University alumni Category:Columbia University alumni Category:University of Jammu alumni Category:Indian scholars of Islam Category:Indian expatriates in the United States Category:Year of birth missing (living people)