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Introduction
Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches from cereal grain—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize, rice, and oats are also used. The grain is mashed to convert starch in the grain to sugars, which dissolve in water to form wort. Fermentation of the wort by yeast produces ethanol and carbonation in the beer. Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and one of the most popular of all drinks. Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilising agent. Other flavouring agents, such as gruit, herbs, or fruits, may be included or used instead of hops. In commercial brewing, natural carbonation is often replaced with forced carbonation.
Beer is distributed in bottles and cans, and is commonly available on draught in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of modern beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (ABV).
Some of the earliest writings mention the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi (1750 BC) included laws regulating it, while "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, contains a recipe for it. Beer forms part of the culture of many nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as activities like pub games. Beer can cause health issues if consumed often or in excess; alcohol is an IARC group 1 carcinogen. (Full article...)
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Draught beer, also spelt draft, is beer served from a cask or keg rather than from a bottle or can. Draught beer served from a pressurised keg is also known as keg beer. (Full article...)
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Grimbergen is the brand name of a variety of Belgian abbey beers. Originally made by Norbertine monks in the Belgian town of Grimbergen, it is now brewed by different breweries in Belgium, France, Poland and Italy. (Full article...)
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Samuel Arthur Brain (4 May 1850 – 19 February 1902) was a brewery entrepreneur in Cardiff, Wales, founder of Brain's Brewery. He was also a JP and local councillor, becoming an alderman and Mayor of Cardiff. (Full article...)
Did you know (auto-generated) -
- ... that almost 45 percent of Taiwan's beer purchases come from rechao restaurants?
- ... that the annual operating cost of the Grain Belt Beer Sign dropped from $48,000 to $7,500 after it was renovated with LED lighting?
- ... that some online social and "Barstool conservatives" spent their Christmas holidays arguing about whether a beer promotional calendar was "demonic"?
- ... that the patu clubs on the New Zealand threepence were compared to bottles of ginger beer?
- ... that Fred G. Sullivan's film The Beer-Drinker's Guide to Fitness and Filmmaking depicts Sullivan being humiliated with mud and whips for the failings of his previous film?
- ... that John P. Metras held all-night recruitment parties including a bathtub full of ice and beer?
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The Pearl Brewing Company (also known as the Pearl Brewery or just Pearl) was an American brewery established in 1883 in downtown San Antonio, Texas, United States. In 1985, Pearl's parent company purchased the Pabst Brewing Company and assumed the Pabst name.
In 1999, the Pabst Brewing Company began transferring its production to Miller Brewing on a contract basis and closed all of its own breweries. Pearl beer is still in production at Miller's Fort Worth, Texas, facility, but the Pearl Brewery in San Antonio was closed in 2001. Since then, the former brewery was purchased by Silver Ventures Inc, which has used the property as part of the revitalization efforts of southern Midtown and northern downtown San Antonio. (Full article...)
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General images
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Lauter tun (from Brewing) -
Gambrinus – king of beer (from History of beer) -
Modern closed fermentation vessels (from Brewing) -
A 16th-century brewery (from History of beer) -
Microbreweries, regional breweries, and brew pubs per capita (from Craft beer) -
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A replica of ancient Egyptian beer, brewed from emmer wheat by the Courage brewery in 1996 (from History of beer) -
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Philistine pottery beer jug (from History of beer) -
Brew kettles at Brasserie La Choulette in France (from Brewing) -
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A beer sommelier tapping a barrel for a taste at Nebraska Brewing Company (from Craft beer) -
The Alulu beer receipt records a purchase of "best" beer from a brewer, c. 2050 BC, from the Sumerian city of Umma in Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq). (from Brewing) -
Conditioning tanks at Anchor Brewing Company (from Brewing) -
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A can of Juicy Ass IPA from Flying Monkeys Craft Brewery in Barrie, Ontario, Canada (from Craft beer) -
Bottling beer in a modern facility, 1945, Australia (from History of beer) -
A mash tun at the Bass Museum in Burton-upon-Trent (from Brewing) -
Open vessels showing fermentation taking place (from Brewing) -
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Pasteur Street Brewing, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (from Craft beer) -
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Alulu beer receipt recording a purchase of "best" beer from a brewer, c. 2050 BCE, from the Sumerian city of Umma in ancient Iraq. (from History of beer)
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A 16th-century brewery (from Brewing)
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Põhjala Brewery, Estonia (from Craft beer) -
D. G. Yuengling & Son is the oldest operating brewing company in the US, established in 1829. It is also the largest craft brewer and the 6th largest brewing company. (from Craft beer) -
Irish Craft Beer Festival, 2015 (from Craft beer) -
Casks of real ale from British microbreweries at a beer festival (from Craft beer) -
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A funerary model of a bakery and brewery, from the Eleventh dynasty of Egypt, c. 2009–1998 BCE (from History of beer) -
Cask ales with gravity dispense at a beer festival (from Brewing)
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A selection of French craft beers (from Craft beer) -
Robohop, a session IPA from Cervisiam in Oslo, Norway (from Craft beer) -
Traditional fermenting building (center) and modern fermenting building (left) in Pilsner Urquell Brewery (Czech Republic) (from History of beer) -
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Bill Urquhart at Litchborough Brewery (from Craft beer) -
A yard of ale at Jolly Brewery, Taiwan (from Craft beer) -
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World beer consumption per capita (from History of beer) -
Spontaneous fermentation at Timmermans in Belgium (from Brewing) -
Bergenhus microbrewery, Bergen, Norway (from Craft beer) -
Spent grain, a brewing by-product (from Brewing)
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Beer topics
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Selected quote -
| “ | Give me a woman who truly loves beer, and I will conquer the world. | ” |
| — Wilhelm_II_of_Germany |
Related portals
Beer lists
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WikiProjects
WikiProject Beer is an association of Wikipedians with an interest in beer and beer-related subjects. They have come together to coordinate the development of beer and brewery articles here on Wikipedia. Additionally, other groups have formed other projects that entertain subjects that are directly related to beer, bartending and pubs. Additionally, the mixed drinks project covers topics that include beer cocktails. If any of these subjects pique your interest, please feel free to visit their projects. These groups would love to have you participate!
| Parent project: WikiProject Food and Drink | |
| Child projects: | Task forces: (All inactive) |
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